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Physical Science Ex.

QuestionAnswer
What is Physical Change? Give an example. Does not change the substance you have. -Water being boiled
What is Chemical Change? Give an example. The atoms re-arrange to form a new substance. -Milk went sour
What is a Property? Ability to change.
What is Density? What's the formula? A physical property; is a measurement of the amount of mass contained in a certain amount of volume. -Mass/Volume
What is the formula for Mass? mass=Density x Volume or m=DV
What is the formula for Volume? Volume= mass/Density or V=m/D
What are the units of mass? grams (g) and kilograms (kg)
Units of volume? milliliters (mL), liters (L), centimeters cubed (cm2), and meters cubed (m2)
Do theories change? Why or why not? Yes, because technology upgrades, new scientists join, new opinions form, etc.
What did Democritus do? Was the first to suggest the universe was made of invisible units, which he called "atoms". Atoms came from the word Greek word atomos which means unable to be cut or divided. However, he had no proof.
What did John Dalton do? Made the 1st theories of atoms. He stated that atoms couldn't be divided, all atoms of a given element were the exact same, and they can be chemically joined to form compounds. He did have evidence, but didn't know about electrons.
What did J.J. Thomson do? Created the plum pudding model. He discovered electrons, negatively charged particles in an atom.
What did Ernest Rutherford do? Created the planetary model. He used the gold foil experiment, and discovered positive subatomic particles called protons in the center, or nucleus. He discovered the atom is mostly space, and the nucleus is positively charged.
Who was Dmitri Mendeleev? A Russian chemist who became the first scientist to design a way of organizing the elements. He arranged them in rows by increasing atomic mass. (Today's arranges them by atomic number).
What is Periodic Law? The law that states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of the elements.
What is a Period on the Periodic table? Each row of the periodic table. There are 7 periods. As you move left to right, properties such as reactivity and conductivity change, and elements become less metallic.
What are Groups on the Periodic Table? Each column of the periodic table. The elements in each group have similar chemical properties.
What are the properties of metals? -Malleable: can be pounded into a shape. -Ductile: Cab be drawn out (stretched) into wires _Good conductors of heat and electricity -They're shiny
What are the properties of non-metals? -They're brittle (shatter when hit) -Bad conductors -Aren't shiny (dull)
What are characteristics of metalloids? Where are they on the periodic table? They have a mix of metal and non-metal properties. They form a "staircase" down the periodic table, starting with Boron(5) and ending with Astatine (85)
What are the group names on the periodic table? What column are they each located in? 1A- Alkali Metals 2A- Alkaline Earth Metals 7A- Halogens 8A- Noble Gases
What are ionic bonds? How do they gain electrons? They form between oppositely charged ions, and gain electrons by transferring them. Since ionic compounds are locked in place, they don't conduct electric currents.
What are covalent bonds? How do they gain electrons. Atoms joined by these bonds share electrons. They form between nonmetal atoms. Can be solids, liquids, or gases.
What are metallic bonds? A bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the elctrons around them.
When naming ions, what do you add when there are more electrons than protons? -ide
When naming molecular, or covalent, compounds, what do you add? A Greek prefix
What is an anion? A negative ion. Element with -ide at the end and ion.
What is a cation? A positive ion. Only the element name add "ion".
What is a subscript? Shows the number of atoms of an element in a compound. It's the little number to the right of the element symbol.
Example of naming a molecular compound, ionic compound, and ions. 1.) Molecular: K2S= Di-potassium Mono-sulfide 2.) Ionic: K2S= Potassium Sulfide 3.) Ion: F-= Fluoride
What is a compound? Contains 2 or more kinds of atoms. Example: 2 oxygen and 1 Hydrogen (h2o)
What is a element? Contains only 1 type of atom Example: 2 oxygen
What is a homogeneous mixture? A mixture that has atoms/molecules well mixed up.
What is a heterogeneous mixture? A mixture that doesn't blend; forms a straight line.
What are two categories of substances? Compounds and elements
How is the composition of a substance different from the composition of a mixture? Pure substances only contain 1 kind of element/atom, while a mixture contains different compounds/elements.
What did the gold foil experiment prove? An atom is mostly empty space and has a small positively charged nucleus.
What is the mass and charge of a proton, electron, and neutron? Proton= 1 amu and positive Electron= No mass and negative Neutron= 1 amu and neutral
What subatomic particle is not located in the nucleus? Electrons
What is the average atomic mass for Rh? What stable isotope is most abundant? Rh-101 Rh-103 102.91 and Rh-103
What is the formula for finding mass? Mass= protons+neutrons
The charge on a cadmium ion is 2+. This is because... The cadmium atom lost 2 electrons.
What's the difference between endothermic and exothermic? Endothermic: heat/electricity enters the system Exothermic: heat/electricity exits the system.
What holds the nucleus of an atom together? The strong nuclear force
Created by: OliviaRoark
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