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Psych 350: Exam 1
Perception
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Sensation | Low-level processing of basic information from external world by sensory receptors |
Perception | The way in which a person interprets sensations/sensory info, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events |
Low-level perception | Acuity, color, brightness |
Mid-level perception | Pattern, depth, objects |
High-level perception | Recognition, categorization, intermodal correspondence |
2 main methods of testing perception | Preferential looking and habituation |
Preferential looking | A research technique that involves giving an infant a choice of what object to look at |
Acuity in infants | The sharpness of visual discrimination develops rapidly, approaching that of adults by 8 months; reaches full adult acuity by 3-6 years |
Visual habituation | -used when an infant shows no preference or as a way to test memory -limitations in early months; adult-like by 3 months |
Binocular cues | Depth cues that depend on the use of two eyes |
Pictorial/monocular cues | Distance cues, such as linear perspective and overlap, available to either eye alone |
Motion parallax | we view objects that are closer to us as moving faster than objects that are further away from us Dynamic cue |
Optical expansion | The visual image increases as an object comes toward us, causing the background to be occluded |
Pattern perception | ability to analyze/integrate separate elements of a display into a coherent pattern |
Subjective "illusory" contours | The perception of contours where none actually exist |
Face perception in infants | Newborns look longer at faces because they have an innate template of a human face |
Perceptual narrowing | When the brain uses environmental experiences to shape perceptual abilities |
Advantages/disadvantages of perceptual narrowing | -improves perception of things that people experience often -decline in ability to perceive some things to which they aren't often exposed |