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Psych 350: Exam 1

Methods

TermDefinition
Reliability Consistency of measurement
Test-retest reliability Using the same test on two occasions to measure consistency
Interrater reliability Consistent scores are obtained no matter who measures or observes
Validity Accuracy
Internal validity Extent to which we can draw cause-and-effect inferences from a study
External validity Extent to which we can generalize findings to real-world settings
3 methodological contexts for gathering data -interviews -naturalistic observation -structured observation
Structured Interview -all participants are asked the same questions in the same way -permits comparisons and efficient data collection
Clinical interview Questions are adjusted in accord with the answers the interviewee provides
Limitations of interviews -time consuming -difficult to make generalizations -difficult to replicate so less reliable -interviewer bias -interviewer effect
Naturalistic observation Describes how children behave in their natural environments
Limitations of naturalistic observation -low internal validity -target behavior may not be observed during session
Structured observation presenting an identical situation to each child and recording the child's behavior
Limitations of structured observation -less information about subjective experiences -less natural situation
Cross-sectional study Children of different ages are compared on a given behavior or characteristic over a short period of time
Limitations of cross-sectional study Hard to make inferences with temporal relationship
Longitudinal study Same children are studied twice or more over a substantial period of time
Limitations of longitudinal study -selective attrition -rehearsal effects
Created by: lnamugenyi
Popular Psychology sets

 

 



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