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Psych 350: Exam 1
Themes and Foundations
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Example of nurture | -fear can be learned -Little Albert study |
| Example of nature | -innate ability to learn some fears better than others -ex. spiders, snakes |
| Active child | -children contribute to their own development -increases with age |
| Continuity vs. Discontinuity | Quantitative vs. qualitative (stage-like) change |
| Mechanisms of developmental change | -perceptual: auditory system, visual system -brain development: frontal lobes -strategy use: problem solving |
| First developmental study | was Egyptian the "original" language? |
| Controlled-rearing studies | Deprivation studies (ex. child abuse: Oksana and Genie) |
| Aristotle | -all knowledge comes from experience -child-rearing should adjust to needs of child |
| Plato | -born with innate knowledge -strict discipline and self-control |
| Locke | -tabula rasa (blank slate) -emphasized nurture and importance of progressive freedom |
| Rousseau | -innately good -emphasized nature -child learns via spontaneous interactions, not instruction |
| 2 main forces for research on child development | Child labor laws/social reform and Darwin |
| Freud | Our unconscious biological drives influence development |
| Watson | -behaviorism -associative learning: child development can be controlled by rewards and punishments -nurture can overcome nature |