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Psych 350: Exam 2

Motor

TermDefinition
Reflexes present at birth Rooting, Moro, Swimming, Grasp, Tonic
Rooting Reflex Stroke cheek with finger --> baby will turn and try to put it in its mouth
Moro Reflex Pretend you are going to drop the baby --> Baby will stretch its arms and legs out
Swimming Reflex Atomic swimming motion and holding breathe when it water
Grasp Reflex Stimulate palm --> baby grabs what is in palm (longest was 38 seconds)
Tonic reflex Turning head to one side. Infant extends the arm and leg on that side and flexes the arm and leg on other side.
Primitive Serves no obvious physical need and goes away in time (rooting)
Survival reflexes Breathing, blinking, swallowing, sucking
Cultural Difference in sitting Children on the ground and in adult furniture learn to sit (5 weeks earlier) and walk ( 3 weeks earlier) than infants who are in strollers and carriers. Africa VS US
Cultural Difference in Crawling (China) Babies in china are restricted from crawling for hygienic purposes
Cultural Differences in Crawling (Paraguay) Mothers hold their babies for first 3 years of life for safety concerns.
Motor Development in Africa Mothers preform motor exercises to promote development
Affect of diapers Slow motor development
Reaching Progression Not born with it Develops by 7 months Anticipatory reaching by 10 months --> Better with feet
Does training and age increase reaching development? Yes (Mitt experiment)
Locomotion Progression Babies are able to move around on their own by 7/8 months. They can walk independently by 10 - 12 months
Dynamic systems theory Development is a self-organizing process, new forms of behavior emerge through consistent interactions between a biological ,cultural and environmental contexts
Example of Dynamic Systems theory Babies walking down a rigid piece of plywood learn to revert to crawling in order to get across.
Interpretation of Dynamic Systems theory Actions such as crawling, walking , etc attribute to cognitive development. Ex. reaching helps babies categorize things better
Baby Chick study Eye-hand coordination relies on muscle growth and exercise. Chicks learned to peck more controlled through trial and error after 4 days
Cat study Eye-hand coordination needs to be paired with visual input for typical motor development to occur. Only the active cats responded to environmental stimuli
Active experiences Free-will to move, increases progression of motor development
Passive Experiences Restricted from movement. Lack of peripheral cues and delayed motor development
Flow fields Provides valuable information about how we move . Used to help balance
Created by: lnamugenyi
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