Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
psy101 neuroscience
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Phrenology | Phrenology attempted to localize specific brain functions to small subdivisions of the brain. |
| Neuron | Receives signals from neurons or sensory organs. Processes information. Sends signals to other neurons, muscles, or organs. The brain contains roughly one hundred billion neurons. |
| Neuron types | Sensory neuron-Responds to input from sense organs. Motor neuron-Sends signals to muscles to cause contractions and affect glands. Interneuron-Connects other neurons. |
| Glial cell | Fills the gaps between neurons. Supports neurons. 10 times more glial cells than neurons. |
| Neuron Impules | Resting potential-Negative charge across cell membrane of neuron when it is at rest. Action potential Shifting change in charge that moves down axon. “Firing.” Myelin Allows signal to travel more efficiently. Multiple Sclerosis(MS):deteriorated myel |
| Synapse | The place where the axon of one neuron meets the dendrite of another exchange |
| Synaptic cleft | Gap where communication occurs. |
| Neurotransmitter | Chemical that sends signals from terminal button on one neuron to the dendrite of another. |
| Neuromodulator | Chemical that alters the effects of a neurotransmitter. Several neurotransmitters are also neuromodulators, since they spend a longer period of time in the CSF E.g., acetylcholine |
| Agonist | mimics neurotransmitter action |
| Antagonist | block action of a neurotransmitter |
| Acetylcholine | -movement -Enables muscle action, learning and memory -Too little = Alzheimer’s -Treated by using drugs that block acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine -Too much = Paranoia, loss of concentration |
| Dopamine – | -voluntary movement -Learning, attention, and emotion Too little=Parkinson’s Disease Too much=Observed in patients with Schizophrenia |
| Serotonin | –sleep/wakefulness, eating, aggressive behavior, mood Too little=Major Depressive Disorder, etc. Too much=Serotonin syndrome |
| Norepinephrine | controls alertness and arousal Too little = Depression, narcolepsy Too much = Anxiety, PTSD |
| GABA | – inhibitory neurotransmitter Too little = Seizures, tremors, insomnia, anxiety, etc. Too much = Amnesia |
| Glutamate | excitatory neurotransmitter, memory Too little = Observed in Schizophrenia Too much = Migraines, seizures |
| Central nervous system (CNS) | brain and spinal cord |
| Peripheral nervous system (PNS) | nerves that lie outside the central nervous system |
| Somatic nervous system | voluntary muscles and sensory receptors |
| Autonomic nervous system (ANS) | controls automatic, involuntary functions. Sympathetic – Go (fight-or-flight) Increased heart rate, increased perspiration, etc. Parasympathetic – Stop |
| Four Lobes | Occipital –vision (back). Parietal –somatosensory, spatial (top,rear). Temporal –auditory, language (ears). Frontal –movement, executive control systems. |
| Cerebral Hemispheres | Each hemisphere specialized for handling certain types of cognitive tasks better than others Left hemisphere – verbal processing: language, speech, reading, writing Right hemisphere – nonverbal processing: spatial, musical, visual recognition |
| Brain: Structures | Meninges. Cerebral hemisphere. Lobes. Corpus callosum. Cerebral cortex. Sulci- creases. Gyri- bulges. |
| Meninges | First layer under skull. 3 protective layers: Dura Mater, Arachnoid, Pia Mater |
| Hindbrain | Medulla, pons, and cerebellum Also known as the “reptilian brain” |
| Midbrain | Dopaminergic projections, reticular formation |
| Forebrain | Diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, etc.), limbic system, telencephalon (cerebrum) |
| Four Lobes | Occipital – vision (back) Parietal – somatosensory, spatial (top,rear) Temporal – auditory, language (ears) Frontal – movement, executive control systems |
| Cerebral Hemispheres | Each hemisphere specialized for handling certain types of cognitive tasks better than others Left hemisphere – verbal processing: language, speech, reading, writing Right hemisphere – nonverbal processing: spatial, musical, visual recognition |
| Brain: Structures | Meninges. Cerebral hemisphere. Lobes. Corpus callosum Cerebral cortex Sulci- creases Gyri- bulges |
| Gyri | bulges on brain |
| Sulci | creases on brain |
| Cerebral cortex | Gray matter where most process take place |
| Corpus callosum | Connects two brain halves |
| Hormones | chemical messengers in the bloodstream |
| Endocrine glands | controlled by the nervous system through the hypothalamus |
| Pituitary | “master gland” |
| Gonads | sex hormones |
| Hippocampus | Latin for “Seahorse.” Helps enter info in memory banks. |
| Hypothalamus | Controls eating/drinking, body temp, BP, &heart rate. |
| Thalamus | Switches input from senses and motor system. Attention. |
| Amygdala | Latin for “Almond.” Regulates fear and anger. |
| Basal ganglia | Planning and producing movement |
| Brainstem | Neural structures at base of brain |
| Cerebellum | Physical coordination, attention, and estimating time |
| Broca’s Aphasia | language disorder. Typical Patient=Older, suffered stroke. In children, Broca’s is rare; more common is the related disorder Apraxia of Speech. (AOS) |
| Wernicke’s Aphasia | Language Disorder=Typical Patient Older, suffered stroke Atypical; in encephalitis cases |
| Language disorders | Wernicke’s Aphasia. Conduction Aphasia. Broca’s Aphasia. |
| Visual Disorder | Visual-Spatial Impairment/Neglect. Visual Agnosia. |
Created by:
bja34
Popular Psychology sets