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Psy101
psychology exam I notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Parenting Types | Authoritarian:Parents impose rules & expect obedience. Permissive: Submit to children's demands. Authoritative: Parents are demanding, but responsive. |
| Self-Concept | Sense of one's identity & personal worth emerges gradually around 6 months. At 15-18 months, they can recognize themselves. By 8-10 years, self-image stable |
| Object Permanence | objects that are out of sight are out of mind. |
| Formal Operational | Abstract Reasoning. Abstract logic. Potential for mature moral reasoning. Age 12-Adulthood. |
| Concrete Operational | Thinking logically about concrete events. Grasping concrete analogies & performing arithmetical operations. Conversational. Mathematical Transformations. Ages 7 to 11. |
| Preoperational | Representing things with words and images. Use intuitive rather than logic reasoning. Pretend play. Egocentric. Language Development. Ages 2-7. |
| Sensorimotor | Experience world through senses and actions. Object permanence. Stranger anxiety. Birth to Age 2. |
| Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development | Sensoimotor. Preoperational. Concrete Operational. Formal Operational. |
| Schema | Mental mold into which we pour our experiences. |
| Fetus | Fertilized egg that is 9 weeks old. |
| Embryo | Fertilized egg that is 14 days old. |
| Zygote | Fertilized egg that has just 100 cells. |
| Conception | Single Sperm cell penetrates the outer coating of egg and fuse to form one fertilized egg. |
| Correlational Research | Studies where relationships between 2 or more are measured but not manipulated. |
| Wilhelm Wundt | Established 1st psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. |
| Physical Development | Adolescence begins with puberty. Puberty occurs earlier in females (age 11) than males (age 13). Thus height in females increases before males. |
| Primary Sexual Characteristics | During puberty primary sexual characteristics, the reproductive organs and external genitalia, develop rapidly. |
| Secondary Sexual Characteristics | The nonreproductive traits such as breast and hips in girls and facial hair and deepening of voice in boys develop. Pubic hair and hair in armpit grow in both sexes. |
| Kohlberg's Development of Moral Reasoning | Kohlberg (1981,1984) posed moral dilemmas, like “Whether a person should steal medicine to save a loved one’s life,” to children and adolescents and found stages of moral development. |
| Moral Thinking | Preconventional Morality: Age 9, kids avoid punishment& gain reward. Conventional Morality: Early teens, social rules& laws are upheld for their own sake. Postconventional Morality: follow agreed-upon rights/personally perceived ethical principles. |
| Social Development | Infancy Toddlerhood Preschooler Elementary School Adolescence Young Adulthood Middle A. Late A. |
| Infancy | Trust v. Mistrust |
| Toddlerhood | Autonamy v. Shame&Doubt |
| Preschooler | Initiative v. Guilt |
| Elementary School | Competence v. Inferiority |
| Adolescence | Identity v. Role Confusion |
| Young Adulthood | Intimacy v. Isolation |
| Middle Adulthood | Generativity V. Stagnation |
| Late Adulthood | Integrity v. Despair |
Created by:
bja34
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