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Matter Unit 22-23
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space (volume) |
| atoms | building blocks of matter |
| properties | characteristics used to describe an object |
| states or phases of matter | the physical forms of matter, which include solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Einstein Condensates |
| standard unit | a unit of measure that people agree to use. We use the metric system in science. |
| mass | the amount of matter (atoms) in an object |
| standard units for mass | grams (g) |
| tools to measure mass | pan/bucket balance, triple beam balance, electronic balance |
| weight | a measure of the force of gravity on an object |
| standard units for weight | Newtons (N) |
| tools to measure weight | scale or spring scale |
| volume | the amount of space an object takes up |
| standard units for volume | cm^3 for solids and mL for liquids |
| tools to measure volume | graduated cylinder for liquids and irregular shaped solids and a ruler for regular shaped solids |
| density | Mass per unit volume or how tightly packed the atoms are in an object or substance |
| Units for density | g/mL or g/cm^3 |
| Density triangle | Cover up the variable you want to solve for D = M/V M= D x V V = M/D |
| thermal energy | heat energy |
| temperature | A measure of the average energy of motion of the particles (atoms) of a substance. The faster they move, the higher the temperature! |
| melting | solid to liquid |
| freezing | liquid to solid |
| evaporation | liquid to gas |
| condensation | gas to liquid |
| sublimation | solid to gas |
| deposition | gas to solid |
| element | A pure substance made of only one kind of atom |
| proton | Positively charged particles found in the nucleus |
| neutron | Particles in the nucleus of the atom with no charge (neutral) |
| electron | a negatively charged subatomic particle located outside the nucleus |
| nucleus | The center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons |
| Periodic Table of Elements | A table that classifies elements by their physical and chemical properties; rows are called periods; columns are called groups |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (also the number of electrons when the atom is neutral) |
| atomic mass | the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| element symbol | the abbreviation of an elements name; 1 or 2 letters, first letter is always capitalized, second is never capitalized |
| molecule | two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. They can be the same type of atom or different. |
| compound | A substance made up of atoms of two or more DIFFERENT elements joined by CHEMICAL bonds |
| pure substance | A sample of matter, either an element or a compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties. |
| mixture | Elements or compounds that are physically combined. |
| homogeneous mixture | A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture |
| heterogeneous mixture | A mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily. You can see the different parts. |
| solution | A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another. This is an example of a homogeneous mixture. |
| solvent | The substance in which the solute dissolves into. The larger amount. |
| solute | A substance that is dissolved in a solution. The smaller amount. |
| physical properties | Characteristics that can be observed with your 5 senses without changing the identity or chemical structure of the substance |
| chemical properties | Characteristics of a substance that determine how it will react with other substances. |
| physical changes | a type of change that alters the physical properties of a substance but does not change its composition (chemical formula) |
| chemical changes | A change in which one or more substances combine or break apart to form new substances. The bonds of the atoms are being broken and/or new bonds are being formed. |
Created by:
kdidonna
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