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Ch3a Neuropsychology
Neuropsych Test Stack
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sensory Neurons | Neurons carrying information from body to brain. From your sensory organs to the brain |
| Motor Neurons | Neurons carrying information from brain to body. From the brain to your Motor activity |
| Interneurons | Neurons that interface between the sensory and motor neurons |
| Dendrite | Short branch-like structure of neuron that accepts the electrical conduction from the previous neuron |
| Soma | Neuron's Cell Body with Nucleus |
| Axon | Long-tail structure carrying electrical conduction away from the soma |
| Myelin Sheath | Fatty insulation covering the axon |
| Nodes of Ranvier | Spaces along the myelin sheath like exposed wiring that help the conduction move down the axon |
| Axon Terminal Buttons | At end of axon these hold the neurotransmitters |
| Neurotransmitters | Housed in the ATBs, they are released and fire the conduction over the synapse to the awaiting dendrite |
| Synapse | Space between the neurons |
| Cl- and K+ | Always inside the cell body of the neuron. Ionic charge is neutral |
| NA+ | Outside the cell body of the neuron except during Action Potential |
| Neutral ionic charge | When Na is outside the cell and Cl- and K+ are inside |
| Positive Ionic charge | When Na+ is inside the cell with Cl- and K+ |
| Excitatory State | When Na+ is inside cell |
| Inhibitory State | When Na+ is outside the celll |
| Action Potential Stage | When dendrite receives the conduction, Na+, K+ and Cl are inside the cell, ionic charge is positive, voltage state is excitatory |
| Absolute Refractory Stage | When soma opens and Na+ leaving the cell |
| Resting Stage | When Na+ is outside the cell, the ionic charge is neutral, and the voltage state is inhibitory |
| Reuptake Process | Neurotransmitters are swept back into the ATBs |
| Presynaptic Neuron | Sending neuron |
| Postsynaptic Neuron | Receiving neuron |
| Monoamines | Dopamine, Norepinephrine and Serotonin: Mood regulation |
| Serotonin | Most important to stay out of depression--too much or too little sleep, too much or too little sleeping, aggressive behavior |
| Dopamine | Mood: Pleasure center when dopamine levels are good. When low, impulse behaviors. Works with voluntary muscles; too little--Parkinson's; too much--Schizophrenia |
| GABA | Regulates anxiety |
| Endorphins | Generated by exercise -- opiate like state and masks pain. Why people can become addicted to exercis. |
| Acetylcholine | Works with involuntary and voluntary muscles. Also indicated in Alzheimer's Disease |
| Nicotine | Agonist--fools neuron that it is going to fire. Causes stress on the heart |
| Alcohol Poisoning and OD from Illegal substances | Antagonist--doesn't allow neuron to fire--heart stops |
| Glia Cells | Ten on each neuron axon, nourish neuron and eliminate waste |
| All-or-None Law | Neuron either fires or doesn't |
| Glutamate | Excitatory neurotransmitter necessary for cognition functions like learning and memory |
| Norepinephrine | Mood and Arousal; normal levels give the fight/flight instinct. Low levels--fear and anxiety |
Created by:
lmckay
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