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ABA Terminology
Behavioral terminology - technical defs
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Behavior | Measurable actions or physical functions including both saying and doing |
| Rate | Count per unit of time |
| Count | Number of times a behavior occurs |
| Duration | Total extent of time a behavior occurs |
| Latency | Time between onset of a stimulus and initiation of a response |
| Positive Reinforcement | When a behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus, resulting in an increase in the future frequency of the behavior |
| Positive Punishment | When a behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of an aversive stimulus, resulting in a decrease in the future frequency of the behavior |
| Negative Reinforcement | When a behavior is followed immediately by the reduction or removal of an aversive stimulus, resulting in an increase in the future frequency of the behavior |
| Negative Punishment | When a behavior is followed immediately by the reduction or removal of a stimulus, resulting in a decrease in the future frequency of the behavior |
| Stimulus class | Group of stimuli that all evoke the same response |
| Response class | Group of responses that all produce the same effect on the environment |
| Verbal behavior | Behavior reinforced through social mediation of others |
| Echoic | A verbal operant involving a vocal response evoked by a vocal stimulus that has point-to-point correspondence |
| Mand | A verbal operant evoked by an MO and followed by specific reinforcement |
| Tact | A verbal operant evoked by a nonverbal stimulus and followed by generalized conditioned reinforcement |
| Intraverbal | A verbal operant evoked by a verbal stimulus and that does not have point-to-point correspondence with that verbal stimulus |
| Contingency | Specified dependency between a behavior and its antecedents and consequences |
| Intermittent reinforcement | Schedule of reinforcement in which only some occurrences of a behavior are reinforced |
| Rule governed bx | Behavior controlled by a verbally described contingency |
| Contingency shaped bx | Behavior learned and controlled through direct contact with consequences |
| Extinction | Withholding reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior to reduce its occurrence |
| Shaping | Differentially reinforcing successive approximations to a terminal behavior |
| Premack Principal | Any high-probability activity may serve as a reinforcer for any low-probability activity |
| Automatic reinforcement | Reinforcement occurring independent of the social mediation of others |
| Stimulus Control | An individual responds one way in the presence of a given stimulus and another way in its absence |
| Prompt | Additional stimuli that increases the probability that the Sd will trigger a specific response |
| Discriminative Stimulus | Stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced |
| Behavioral Momentum | Responding to a series of high probability behaviors increases the likelihood of responding to a low probability behavior |
| Stimulus generalization | When a response conditioned to one stimulus is evoked by novel stimuli not used during conditioning |
| Response generalization | When an individual emits untrained responses that are functionally equivalent to the trained response |
| Motivating operation (MO) | Environmental variable that alters the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus |
| Behavioral chain | Sequence of responses where each response serves as reinforcer for the preceding response and an SD for the next |
| Differential reinforcement | Reinforcing one response class and withholding reinforcement for another |
| Behavioral contrast | When a procedure to decrease bx under one condition leads to an increase in the same bx under another condition |
| Matching Law | Individuals will choose to engage in bx that has the highest rate of reinforcement under concurrent schedule of reinforcement |
| Antecedent | An environmental condition or stimulus change existing or occurring prior to a behavior of interest |
| Consequence | A stimulus change that follows a bx of interest |
| Chaining | Various methods for linking specific sequences of responses to form new responses |
| Fading | A procedure for transferring stimulus control in which features of an antecedent stimulus are gradually changed to a new stimulus |
| Token economy | A bx change system in which participants earn tokens for emitting target behaviors and exchange earned tokens for backup reinforceres |
| Fixed Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement | Reinforcement is delivered following a constant amount of correct responses |
| Variable Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement | Reinforcement is delivered following an average amount of correct responses |
| Variable Interval Schedule of Reinforcement | Reinforcement is delivered following the first correct response after a constant amount of time |
| Concurrent schedule | A schedule of reinforcement in which two or more contingencies of reinforcement operate independently and simultaneously for two or more behaviors |
| Fixed Interval Schedule of Reinforcement | Reinforcement is delivered following the first correct response after a constant amount of time |
Created by:
kmeason
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