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Draw a smooth muscle cell demonstrating 3 or 4 mechanism involved with increasing intracellular levels of cAMP look in book
Describe how Methemoglobin is formed the ferrous ion is oxidized to the ferric state
How does methemoglobin adversely affect tissue oxygenation Methemoglobin has 5 ion bonds and is missing the bond that oxygen attaches to making it unable to deliver oxygen to the tissues
Discuss how cooperativity enhances the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin at the lungs and how it facilitates the release of oxygen to the cells at the tissues When oxygen attaches to the first site it increases the affinity for the second site and so on, this is also true for oxygen unloadiong
List 4 other factors that influence oxygen-hemoglobin affinity PaCO2, temperature, hydrogen ions and 2,3 DPG
What is the lifespan of an RBC 120days
State the 2 cyclic nucleotides that interact within bronchial smooth muscle cells determining the net physiologic effect of bronchial smooth muscle cAMP and cGMP
Explain how (1) beta-2 stimulation, (2) phosphodiesterase inhibition, and (3) cholinergic blockade influence the biochemical events within bronchial smooth muscle and the ultimate physiologic response (explain separately) 1) Beta 2 stimulation activates adenyl cyclase and increases cAMP 2) PDE blocks the antigen antibody response resulting in anti-inflammatory and bronchodilation 3)Chlorogenic prevents the mast cell from degranulation and from releasing its mediators
List 5 vasoactive substances that are released during mast cell degranulation Histamine, prostaglandins, serotonin, bradykinin and ECF-A
Describe the rationale for using the following medications for the treatment of bronchospasm: (1) aminophylline, (2) bitolterol, (3) albuterol, (4) Montelukast, and (5) ipotropium bromide. (Describe each separately) (1) Blocks PDE (2) stimulates the beta-2 receptor (3) stimulates the beta-2 receptor (4) leukotriene modifiers (5) used for cholinergic blockade
Created by: puppydog23
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