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Structure of Bones

QuestionAnswer
What is the diaphysis? The main shaft-like portion. Its hollow, cylindrical shape and the thick compact bone that composes it adapt the diaphysis well to its function of providing strong support without adding cumbersome weight.
What is the epiphyses? The proximal and distal ends of a long bone. Epiphyses have a bulbous shape that provides generous space near joints for muscle attachments and also gives stability to joints.
What is the articular cartilage? The thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular or joint surfaces of epiphyses. The resiliency of this material cushions jolts and blows.
What is the periosteum? The dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces, where articular cartilage forms the covering.
What is the medullary cavity? A tube-like hollow space in the diaphysis of a long bone, also called a marrow cavity. In the adult the medullary cavity is filled with connective tissue rich in fat—a substance called yellow marrow.
What is the endosteum? A thin, fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity of long bones. The endosteum lines the spaces of spongy bone as well. Like the periosteum, the endosteum has various types of bone cells and the stem cells that pro-duce them.
What is the epiphyses made of? A sponge-like cancellous bone with many small spaces for red marrow to fill the spaces of it.
What is the metaphysis? The region between the epiphyses and diaphysis (in a mature bone) or the epiphyseal plate region (in a growing bone)
What is red marrow? Blood; The production and transporting of blood also occurs in the epiphyses.
What is yellow marrow? Connective tissue rich in fat present in the medullary cavity.
What are the five shape categories of bones? Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid bones.
Created by: SkyePyke
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