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INVENTORY & CONTROL
CHAPTERS 7 & 25
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adverse drug reaction (ADR) | Any unexpected, obvious, change in a patient's condition that the physician suspects may be due to a drug. |
| Alternative medicine | Herbal supplements, megavitamins, and other non-traditional remedies. |
| Drug manufacturer | The company responsible for developing, producing, and distributing pharmaceutical products. |
| Drug order | A course of medication therapy ordered by the physician or dental practitioner in an organized health care setting. |
| Drug use process | Organized, complex, & controlled system of manufacturing, purchasing, distributing, storing, prescribing, preparing, dispensing, administering, using, controlling, & monitoring a drug's effects & outcomes to ensure that drugs are used safely & effectively |
| Drug wholesaler | The company responsible for delivering medication, medical devices, appliances, etc. to pharmacies and retailers. |
| Formulary | A listing of drugs of choices as determined by safety, efficacy, effectiveness, and cost, and approved by the medical staff for use within the institution. |
| Group purchasing | An arrangement where pharmaceutical companies ship large quantities of drugs to the warehouses of hospital buying groups. |
| IV admixture | An intravenous solution to which medications are added. |
| Kardex | A card for each patient in a folder noting his or her pharmacy profile and medication orders. |
| Laminar flow hood | A sterile work area with positive pressure air flow that filters the air. |
| Medication-related problems (MRPs) | Undesirable events a patient experiences involving drug therapy that interfere with a desired patient outcome. |
| Non-adherence | Forgetting or purposefully not taking medications as prescribed. Also known as noncompliance. |
| Pharmaceutical care | The direct, responsible provision of medication-related care for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient's quality of life. |
| Retailer | The company responsible for delivering products to patients. |
| Side effects | Known effects of a drug experienced by most people taking the drug; these are usually minor. |
| Unit dose | A single-use package of a drug. In this type of distribution system, a single dose of each medication is dispensed prior to the time of administration. |
| Bioengineered therapies | The process used in the manufacture of therapeutic agents through recombiant DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) technology. |
| Group purchasing organizations (GPOs) | A group of hospitals or pharmacists that buys drugs directly from the manufacturer. |
| Just in time (JIT) | An inventory strategy to minimize inventory levels, thus minimizing typing up larger sums of the money. |
| Materials management | The division of a hospital pharmacy responsible for the procurement, control, storage, and distribution, of drugs and pharmaceutical products. |
| Prime vendor | A drug wholesaler who contracts directly with hospital pharmacies for the purpose of their high volume pharmaceuticals. |
| Therapeutic equivalent | A drug product that when administered in the same amount, will provide the same therapeutic effect and pharmacokinetic characteristics as another drug to which it is compared. |
| Turnover rate | The rate of drug inventory is calculated by dividing the total dollars spent to purchase drugs in one year by the actual pharmacy inventory dollars. |
| What are the three main types of drug distribution in an institution? | Floor stock, IV, and unit-dose. |
| Which type of drug distribution is prefered in an institution? | Unit-dose. |
| Pharmacy profile | All the information that is needed on a particular patient. |
| What are the three sources that a patient's drug order can be verified by? | Pharmacy computer, Kardex, and the doctor's order. |
| What are the three sets of medication records for each patient? | The doctor's order, the pharmacy patient profile, and the nursing Kardex. |
| How does one verify which error occurred if the patient's unit-dose drawer is not correct. | By going back to the doctor's original order. |
| An item that is sterile means | That it is one hundred percent free from bacteria. |
| Everything about the IV must be sterile because | Medication is going directly into the bloodstream. |
| Aseptic | Germ-free. |
| Where must any IV product be prepared? | In a laminar flow hood. |
| When should IV additive solutions be prepared? | Just before they are needed and refrigerated between the time they are prepared and the time they are used. |
| Where are decentralized pharmacies located and what purpose do they serve? | In strategic locations in the hospital, serving several patient care units. |
| Why are the decentralized pharmacies faster than centralized pharmacies? | Because decentralized pharmacies are located on the floors directly related to the patients and their needs. |
| What are the advantages of decentralized pharmacies? | Faster service, more service, and more opportunity for staff pharmacists to deliver pharmaceutical care on the floors. |
| Give an identical phrase for therapeutic treatments: | Drug treatments. |
| All patient counseling should be done by: | A licensed pratitioner or licensed pharmacist. |
| When should patient counseling be done by a pharmacy technician? | Never! |
| The interaction between acetaminophen & alcohol is called what? | Drug-drug interaction. |
| Most accurate method of medication administration: | Nurse-administered. |
| Drug wholesalers: | Deliver medication. |
| Unit-dose: | Patient-ready. |
| Most numerous method of medication administration: | Self-administered. |
| Drug manufacturers: | Develop and produce. |
| Antihistamine and drowsiness: | Side effects. |
| The drug use process is used to: | Distribute the drug. |
| A sterile work area with a positive pressure airflow: | Laminar flow hood. |
| More serious effects not experienced by every patient taking the drug: | Adverse drug reactions. |
| A listing of drugs of choice: | Formulary. |
| Drug wholesalers: | Deliver medications to other retailers. |
| Retailers: | Deliver pharmaceutical products to the patient. |
| Nurse reminder: | Kardex. |
| Noncompliance: | Either forgetting or purposely not taking medication. |
| Experienced by most: | Side effects. |
| A medication order written by a legal prescriber: | Drug order. |
| A unit-dose is: | A dose ready to be given to the patient. |
| Noncompliance or non-adherence | Not taking medication |
| Over-the-counter drugs | Self-medication |
| Alternative medicine | Herbal supplements |
| Minor annoying effects felt by most | Side effects |
| Although some hospitals can buy directly from the manufacturer, most buy their medication through an arrangement called: | Group purchasing. |
| True or false. The dispensing of medication is much more than just the medication and the label. | True. |
| True or false. No matter who gives the medication, it is easy to make an error like giving the wrong drug, giving too much drug, or giving too little drug. | True. |
| What are the three sets of medication records for each patient? | Doctor's order, pharmacy patient profile, and nursing Kardex. |
| Since most drug wholesalers handle controlled substances, they must also have which type of license? | Drug Enforcement Agency License. |
| Retailers: | Community pharmacy. |
| The most common drugs on floor stock are: | Narcotics, antibiotics, and emergency drugs. |
| Who should not perform duties that require clinical judgement? | Pharmacy technicians. |
| What is the organized, complex, and controlled process used to distribute the drug product and make it available for use? | Drug use process. |
| This is the way most medication is taken. | Self-administered. |
| The most effective way to improve medication compliance is by understanding what? | Why the patient is not taking medication as prescribed. |
| What percent of Americans take at least one prescription medication each day? | Forty-six percent. |
| Which country has the most complex, yet the most efficient drug distribution system in the world? | The United States. |
| It is now recommended by ASHP and Joint Commission standards that IV admixtures be prepared using: | Aseptic technique and a laminar air flow hood. |
| Safe, effective, timely, and cost-effective drug therapy delivered with care is considered what? | Quality drug therapy. |
| The nurse uses the Kardex as a reminder of: | What, when, and to whom to administer medication. |
| What are the three primary systems for dispensing drugs in hospitals and other organized health care settings? | Floor stock, unit-dose, and centralized IV admixtures. |
| Who should alert the pharmacist when a patient needing help is observed in the OTC area? | The pharmacy technician. |
| A formulary is a listing of: | Drugs of choice approved by the medical staff and for use within the organizaton. |
| What should be processed just before they are needed and refrigerated between that time of preparation and use? | IV additive solutions. |
| What is the first step of the drug use process? | Manufacturing. |
| True or false. Pharmacy technicians should learn methods to discover if there has been noncompliance and alert the pharmacist. | True. |
| Most hospitals buy their medications through an arrangement called what? | Group purchasing. |
| An example of bioengineered therapy is: | Epoetin Alfa. |
| Procurement: | Drug selection. |
| What department is responsible for the procurement of medications? | Pharmacy. |
| Turnover rate: | Good measuring method. |
| A good method of measuring the overall effectiveness of the purchasing and inventory control programs is known as: | The turnover rate. |
| Protection: | Light-resistant container. |
| Light-resistant containers: | Protect the contents from the effects of light. |
| Strategy: | Just-in-time. |
| Just-in-time is: | An inventory strategy used to minimize typing up large sums of money. |
| Materials management is: | A way of controlling costs associated with a pharmacy. |
| Warehouse: | Prime vendor. |
| A prime vendor relationship is with: | A distributor of pharmaceuticals who warehouses all drugs froms various drug manufacturers. |
| Cooperative: | Group purchasing organizations. |
| Group purchasing organizations are: | A cooperative of many hospitals. |
| Drug shortage: | Overwhelming economic pressure. |
| Therapeutic equivalent: | Generic for brand. |
| Recapture: | Unused medication. |
| Formulary: | Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. |
| Temperature, ventilation, humidity, light, and sanitation are what type of factors when considering storage and transport of drugs? | Environment conditions. |
| As a result of increased cost for health care services and a decrease in resources to pay for them, it has become essential for: | Pharmacy department managers to assess cost containment in all aspects of pharmacy service. |
| What type of program includes procurement, drug shortage, and inventory control, repackaging and labeling considerations, distribution systems, and recapture and disposal? | Institutional pharmacy materials management program. |
| The degree of supervision by a pharmacist will vary, depending on: | The ability of the technician and the policy of the pharmacy department. |
| The offfical list of drugs available is known as the hospital formulary and is: | Reviewed and modified on an ongoing basis as required. |
| The pharmacy department's objective review includes: | Cost analysis information, which is an important factor in this age of cost containment. |
| According to the president of the Institute for Safe Medication Practices, early studies show that bar coding should reduce the number of medication errors by what percent? | Fifty percent. |
| What type of relationship is with a distributor of pharmaceuticals who warehouses all drugs from various manufacturers? | Prime vendor. |
| What committee approves all drugs and therapeutics agents that will be available in the institution? | The Pharmacy Therapeutics Committee. |
| Materials management: | Controlling costs associated with a pharmacy. |
| Group purchasing organizations: | Cooperative of many hospitals. |
| Just-in-time: | Inventory strategy to minimize inventory cost. |
| Therapeutic equivalent: | Generic product matches brand name product. |
| Guidelines for the evaluation of drugs are provided by the: | ASHP Guidelines. |
| What organization requires that internal and external medications be stored separately to reduce the potential for selecting the wrong one? | The Joint Commission. |
| Although cost savings associated with the use of generic drugs has proven to be of great value, selection is made based on what criteria? | Quality assurance of the product. |
| Who determines if the generic product is a therapeutic equivalent of the brand name product? | The pharmacist. |
| What is one major factor that impacts drug shortages? | Overwhelming economic pressure. |
| The procurement of medications is the responsibility of what department? | The pharmacy department. |
| Group purchasing allows each participating hospital the benefit of: | Quantity discounts as a result of pooling the projected quantities of each hospital. |
| The overall responsibility for the materials management of pharmaceuticals in a hospital lies with the: | Director of the pharmacy. |
| The degree of supervision by a pharmacist will vary depending on: | The policy of the pharmaceutical department. |
| What type of inventory strategy helps to minimize typing up large sums of money for long periods, and helps to reduce costs associated with inventory management? | Just-in-time. |
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Goldilox
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