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REVIEW PATHO TEST 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intracellular tissue spaces of body cavities | edema |
| disease caused by physicians or treatment (side effects from treatment) | iatrogenic |
| coughing up blood, or blood stained mucous | hemoptysis |
| assessment of aggressive or degree of malignancy | grading |
| produced in bone marrow, transport O2 and CO2 (aka red blood cells) | erythrocytes |
| infections contracted in the acute care facility (UTI) | nosocomial infection |
| chest pain | angina |
| cell/tissue death due to lack of blood supply | infarct |
| heart chambers relax and fill with blood | diastole |
| presence of infected liquid or pus in the pleural space | empyema |
| produced in bone marrow and lymphoid tissue, protect against infection (aka white blood cells) | leukocytes |
| infections contracted in a public setting outside the acute care facility (COVID, Flu, STI, HIV) | community acquired |
| measurable or objective manifestation (what the doctor sees) | signs |
| decreased arterial blood supply | ischemia |
| contraction phase | systole |
| smallest unit of the lung where air gas exchange occurs | alveolus |
| are produced in bone marrow, involved in clotting (aka platelets) | thrombocytes |
| rupture of a blood vessel that allows blood to escape externally or internally, within surroundings tissues or a cavity | hemorrhage |
| feelings that the patient describes-subjective manifestations (what the patient states) | symptoms |
| tiny air sacs produced by destruction of alveoli | bullae |
| extensiveness of a tumor at its primary site and mets | staging |
| showing no evidence of disease | asymptomatic |
| the membrane enclosing the heart | pericardium |
| formation or presence of a new, abnormal growth of tissue | neoplasia |
| has plate-like structures | atelectasis |
| shows enlarged heart | CHF |
| flat diaphragm | chronic bronchitis |
| looks like steeple or hourglass | croup |
| known because of tubular stomach (lack or rugual folds) | megoblastic anemia |
| looks like fish vertebrae | sickle cell |
| has filling defect | pulmonary emboli |
| hair on end sign | thalassemia |
| bronchogram | pneumonia |
| wooden shoe | tetralogy of fallout |
| figure 3/rib notching | coarctation of the aorta |
| lack of lung markings | pneumothorax |
| bat/butterfly patterns | pulmonary edema |
| air streaks in muscle bundles | subcutaneous emphysema |
| enlarged aorta | aneurysm |
| most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease; high ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, overriding of the aortic orifice above the ventricular defect, right ventricular hypertrophy | tetralogy of fallout |
| autoimmune disease that results from a reaction of the patients antibodies against antigens from a previous streptococcal infection - major damage done to the valve of the heart (mitral or aortic valve) | rheumatic fever |
| neoplasms of the lymphoreticular system (lymph nodes, spleen, lymphoid tissues) | lymphoma |
| hereditary disease characterized by secretion of excessively viscous mucous by all exocrine glands | cystic fibrosis |
| localized dilation of the artery that most commonly involves the aorta | aneurysm |
| involved only one side of the atrial wall | saccular |
| involved bulging of the entire circumference | fusiform |
| viral infection that produces inflammatory obstructive swelling of the subglottic (barking cough) | croup |
| acute bacterial infection that causes swelling of the epiglottic tissue and surrounding tissue | epiglottitis |
| a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has traveled from elsewhere in the body through the blood stream (most occur in the lower lobes) | pulmonary emboli |
| primary cancer of the lung arises from the mucosa of the bronchial tree (most common) | bronchogenic carcinoma |
| the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space | pleural effusion |
| up to 1/3 of patients with cancer develop mets | pulmonary mets |
| characterized by hyperplasia of the bone marrow (neoplastic) that results in increased erythrocytes, granulocytes, and platelets | polycythemia |
| diminished air within the lung associated with reduced lung volume (bronchial obstruction) | atelectasis |
| pneumonia | inflammation of the lung, usually caused by bacteria and viruses (fungal) |
| decrease in the amount of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin in the peripheral blood | anemia |
| self-limited viral disease of the lymphoreticular system | mononucleosis |
| hemophilia | inherited anomaly of blood coagulation that appears clinically in only males |
| chronic obstruction of the airways leads to an ineffective exchange of the respiratory gases and making breathing difficult | COPD |
| abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular pulmonary tissues | pulmonary edema |
| lung disease caused by inhalation of dust, characterized by inflammation, coughing & fibrosis | pneumoconiosis |
| inhalation of silicon dioxide (most common) | silicosis |
| caused by working with or around this substance | asbestosis |
| those working with hard coal inhale coal dust (black lung/coal worker lungs) | anthracnosis |
| inability of the heart to propel blood at a rate and volume sufficient to provide an adequate supply to the tissues, insufficient cardiac output | CHF |
| a narrowing or constriction of the aorta; commonly occurs just beyond the branching of the blood vessels to the head and arm, most frequent cause of HTN in children | coarctation |
| #1 killer in the US; narrowing/occlusion of the coronary arteries - causes O2 deprivation of the myocardium and ischemic heart disease | Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) |
| increased pressure in the systemic vascular system leading to heart issues, possible CHF, or stroke | hypertension (HTN) |
| the presence of air in the pleural cavity, results in a partial or complete collapse of the lung | pneumothorax |
| most common congenital cardiac lesion; permits mixing of blood in the systemic & pulmonary circulations (lungs become overloaded with blood) | left to right shunt |
| serious form of pneumonia caused by coronavirus | severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) |
| distention of distal air spaces as a result of the destruction of alveolar walls and the obstruction of small airways | emphysema |
| accumulation of fluid within the pericardial space surrounding the heart | pericardial effusion |
| disruption of the intima permits blood to enter the wall of the aorta and separate its layers; aorta is divided into true and false lumens | dissection |
| Recite the blood flow | SVC, RT atrium, tricuspid valve, RT ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary arteries, lung capillaries, pulmonary veins, LT atrium, bicuspid valve, LT ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, to the body |
| maintains adequate supply of blood, oxygen, and hormones to all of the tissues | cardiovascular system |
| oxygenation of blood, removal of waste products | respiratory system |
| brings oxygen, nutrients, salts, and hormones to the cells, carries away waste products, major defense against infections, toxic substances, and foreign antigens | hematopoietic system |
| Where is the endotracheal tube placed | 5cm-7cm above carina |
| superior vena cava, for rapid infusions and central venous pressure | central venous catheters |
| where is the swan-ganz placed? | right or left main pulmonary vein |
| where is the transvenous cardiac pacemakers | in the right ventricular apex |
| Is an inherited, sex lined recessive gene, anomaly that appears clinically only in males | Hemophilia |
| T/F The difference between Hodgkin's and non-Hodkin's lymphoma is the presence of Reed-Sternbrug cells | True |
| What hematopoietic system disease has a radiographic appearance on "hair on end" | thalassemia |
| T/F Aplastic anemia is a generalized failure of the bone marrow to function that results in increased levels of erythrocytes, leukocytes, & platelets. | False |
| T/F Infectious mononucleosis can be spread by both airborne saliva droplets and by saliva from an infected person | True |
| What radiology procedure/test is generally the first imaging procedure used in staging lymphoma | CT chest, abdomen, pelvis |
| The most common cause of vitamin B-12 deficiency is: | pernicious anemia |
| What hematopoietic disease is characterized by a tubular stomach with bald appearance? | megaloblastic anemia |
| Common treatments for hematopoietic systems diseases include all but the following | liver transplant |
| When diseases of the hematopoietic system result in demineralization of bone, the technologist must be alert to the possibility of: | pathological fracture |
| The contraction phase of the heart is termed: | systole |
| An aneurysm involving the entire circumference of the vessel wall is termed | fusiform |
| The major site of damage from rheumatic fever is: | valves |
| Which term refers to an ability of the heart to propel blood at a sufficient rate and volume? | CHF |
| T/F Oxygenated blood reaches the heart muscle by way of the right coronary and left coronary artery | true |
| T/F In almost all cases, the aortic tear occurs just distal to the right subclavian artery at the site of the ductus arteriosus | false |
| Approximately _____ of coronary artery disease occurs in the left coronary artery | 50% |
| Traumatic rupture of the aorta is commonly caused by all of the following except: | arterial shock |
| T/F Contraction of the left atrium of the heart forced oxygenated blood into the aorta | false |
| Most common cardiac lesion is: | left to right shunt |
| Solitary pulmonary nodules are concern for: | bronchogenic carcinoma |
| When positioned correctly the central venous catheter should be located in the: | superior vena cava |
| T/F Aspiration pneumonia typically occurs in the left lung due to the anatomy of the bronchus | false |
| Cystic fibrosis is contracted by airborne pathogens | false |
| The most common radiographic sign of atelectasis is a local increase in density caused by the airless lung | true |
| Risk factors of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome include | premature birth |
| What is the best radiographic exam to diagnose a pulmonary embolus | CT pulmonary angiography |
| The smallest area where gas exchange occurs is termed the | alveolus |
| The most common work-related lung disease is | silicosis |
| The radiographic appearance of an hourglass shape is consistent with what condition? | Croup |
| What are the 5 signs of inflammation? | rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor (swelling), dolor (pain), loss of function |
| List the 3 ways cancer can spread: | seeding within body cavities, lymphatic spread, & hematogenous |
| What are medical cancer treatment options? | radiation therapy, chemotherapy, & surgery |
| Which of the following is a subtractive/destructive disease? edema, gout, mets, or pneumonia | gout |
| Would you increase or decrease technique for a subtractive/destructive disease? | decrease |
| T/F Ischemia is a localized area of necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by occlusion of either its arterial supply or its venous drainage. | False (infarct) |
| T/F Malignant neoplasms invade & destroy adjacent structures and spread to distant sites, causing death. | True |
| Examples of signs | jaundice, temperature, & cough |
| Examples of symptoms | patient states pain, SOB, or feeling weak/dizzy |
Created by:
gnteumac
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