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Structures of the periodontium
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Periodontium
Stack #34171
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Structures of the periodontium | gingiva, PDL, root cementum, alveolar bone |
| functions of periodontium | seal around cervical portion of tooth |
| Functions of periodontium | holds tissue against tooth during mastication |
| Funtions of periodontium | suspends and maintains tooth in socket |
| Functions of periodontium | protects underlying dentin(cementum) |
| Functions of periodontium | surrounds and supports the roots of the tooth(alveolar bone) |
| Gingiva | covers cervical portios of teeth and alveolar processes of jaws |
| composed of thin outer layer of epithelium and underlying core of connective tissue | Gingiva |
| Function of gingiva | provides a tissue seal around cervical portios of teeth and covers alceolar processes of jaws |
| Free gingiva | unattached portion of gingiva surrounds tooth in CEJ region |
| Free Gingiva | surrounds tooth like turtleneck |
| meets tooth in a thin rounded edge called gingival margin | Gingival margin |
| Gingival sulcus | space between free gingiva and tooth surface |
| Gingival sulcus inner boundary | formed by the tooth surface |
| outer boundary of gingival sulcus | formed by epithelial tissue of free gingiva |
| attached gingiva | gingiva tightly connected to cementum on cervical-third of root and to periosteum of alveolar bone |
| location of attached gingiva | between free gingiva and alveolar mucosa |
| width of attached gingiva is not measured on | the palate |
| Texture of attached gingiva | stippled |
| connective fibers that cause stippling | rete pegs |
| attached gingiva | able to withstand mechanical forces of mastication |
| prevents free gingiva from being pulled away from tooth when tension is applied to alveolar mucosa | attached gingiva |
| interdental gingiva | portion of gingiva that fills area between two adjacent teeth apical to contact area |
| consists of 2 interdental papillae(facial/lingual) | interdental gingiva |
| formed by free gingiva from adjacent teeth | lateral borders and tip of interdental papilla |
| formed by attached gingiva | center portion of interdental papilla |
| col | valley-like depression in portion of interdental gingiva and lies directly apical to contact area |
| not present if adjacent teeth are not in contact or if gingiva has receded | col |
| prevents food from becoming packed between teeth during mastication | Interdental gingiva |
| coronal boundary | gingival margin |
| apical boundary of gingiva | alveolar mucosa |
| free gingival groove | shallow linear depression that separates free and attached gingiva |
| may be visible clinically but not obvious | free gingival groove |
| mucogingival junction | clinically visible boundary where pink attached gingiva meets red, shiny alveolar mucosa |
| PDL | layer of soft connective tissue that covers the root of tooth and attaches it to bone of tooth socket |
| composed mainly of fiber bundles | PDL |
| PDL attachment | one side to root cementum other side to alveolar bone of tooth socket |
| supportive function of PDL | suspends and maintains tooth in socket |
| Sensory function of PDL | provides sensory feeling to tooth such as pressure and pain |
| Nutritive function of PDL | provides nutriets to cementum and bone and itself |
| Formative functio of PDL | builds and maintains cementum and alveolar bone of tooth socket |
| Resorptive function of PDL | can remodel the alveolar bone in response to pressure such as that applied during ortho |
| Cementum | thin layer of hard, mineralized tissue covering surface of root |
| attached to dentin of root and seal off dentinal tubules | Cementum |
| more resistant to resorption than bone making it possible for teeth to be moved during ortho | Cementum |
| high resistance allows pressure applied during otho to cause resorption of alveolar bone | Cementum |
| does not have itsl own blood supply or nutrient supply | Cementum |
| no nerves and is insensitive to pain | Cementum |
| anchors ends of PDL to tooth | Cementum |
| outer layer of cementum | protects underlying dentin and seals ends of open dentinal tubles |
| compensates for tooth wear at occlusal or incisal surface | Cementum |
| formed at apical area of root to comensate for occlusal attrition | Cementum |
| Alveolar bone | bony projection surrounds and supports roots of teeth |
| AKA alveolar process | Alveolar bone |
| existance of alveolar bone depends on | presence of teeth |
| if teeth do not erupt | alveolar bone does not develop |
| forms the bony sockets providing support and protection for roots of teeth | alveolar bone |
| cortical bone | forms hard, outside wall of mandible and maxillae on facial and lingual aspects |
| fenestration | window like defect in cortical bone resulting in an isolated area of rooth that is not covered by bone |
| cause of fenestration | fistual tries to find way out-abcess |
| dehiscence | cleft like defect in cortical bone including bone margin |
| cause of dehiscence | mechanical perio disease-teeth start flaring and bone resorbs |
| cancellous bone | lattice like bone that fills interior portion of alveolar process |
| bone between cortical bone and alveolar bone proper | cancellous bone |
| cancellous bone | trabecular bone/spongey |
| alveolus | bony socket that houses the root of tooth |
| alveolar bone proper | thin layer of bone that lines each alveolus(dense bone) |
| identified as lamina dura in radiographs | alveolar bone proper |
| contains numerous holes that allow blood vessels from cancellous bone to connect with vessels of PDL space | alveolar bone proper |
| periosteum | layer of connective tissue covering the outer surface of bone |
| alveolar crest | most coronal portion of alveolar process |
| in health it is located 1-2mm apical to CEJ | alveolar crest |
| interproximal bone | bone that lies between proximal surfaces of two adjacent teeth |
| AKA interdental septum | interproximal bone |
| interradicular bone | bone between roots of multirooted teeth |
| crestal countour of intenterdental bone | good indicator of periodontal health |
| in posteriors contour of interproximal crest | parallel to imaginary line drawn between CEJs of adjacent teeth |
| Horizontal crest contour | CEJs are at same level |
| Angular crest contour | vertical contour of bone/one of adjacent teeth is tilted or erupted to different height |
| innervation | branches of trigeminal nerve |
| Nerve receptors in gingiva, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament | register pain, touch and pressure |
| gingiva of maxillary arch innervated by | superior alveolar nerves(anterior,middle, posterior branches),infraorbital nerve, greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves |
| mental nerve, buccal nerve, and sublingual branch of lingual nerve | gingiva of mandibular arch innervated by |
| innervation of teeth and PDL of maxillary arch | superior alveolar nerves |
| innervation of teeth/PDL of mandibulars | inferior alveolar nerve |
| accounts for dramatic color changes seen in gingivitis | anastomose of vessels of periodontium |
| transport oxygen/nutrients to tissue cells of periodontium and remove carbon diaxide/waste products from cells | complex network of blood vessels of periodontium |
| maxillary gingiva,PDL, and alveolar bone | Anterior/posterior superior alveolar arteries,infraorbital artery, greater palatine artery |
| Mandibular gingiva, PDL, and alveolar bone | inferior alveolar artery, branches of inferior alveolar artery:facial, buccal, mental, and sublingual arteries |
| Major arteries of teeth/periodontal tissues | superior alveolar arteries of maxillary and inferior alveolar artery of mandibular |
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