Stack #34171
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| Structures of the periodontium | gingiva, PDL, root cementum, alveolar bone
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| functions of periodontium | seal around cervical portion of tooth
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| Functions of periodontium | holds tissue against tooth during mastication
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| Funtions of periodontium | suspends and maintains tooth in socket
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| Functions of periodontium | protects underlying dentin(cementum)
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| Functions of periodontium | surrounds and supports the roots of the tooth(alveolar bone)
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| Gingiva | covers cervical portios of teeth and alveolar processes of jaws
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| composed of thin outer layer of epithelium and underlying core of connective tissue | Gingiva
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| Function of gingiva | provides a tissue seal around cervical portios of teeth and covers alceolar processes of jaws
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| Free gingiva | unattached portion of gingiva surrounds tooth in CEJ region
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| Free Gingiva | surrounds tooth like turtleneck
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| meets tooth in a thin rounded edge called gingival margin | Gingival margin
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| Gingival sulcus | space between free gingiva and tooth surface
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| Gingival sulcus inner boundary | formed by the tooth surface
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| outer boundary of gingival sulcus | formed by epithelial tissue of free gingiva
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| attached gingiva | gingiva tightly connected to cementum on cervical-third of root and to periosteum of alveolar bone
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| location of attached gingiva | between free gingiva and alveolar mucosa
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| width of attached gingiva is not measured on | the palate
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| Texture of attached gingiva | stippled
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| connective fibers that cause stippling | rete pegs
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| attached gingiva | able to withstand mechanical forces of mastication
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| prevents free gingiva from being pulled away from tooth when tension is applied to alveolar mucosa | attached gingiva
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| interdental gingiva | portion of gingiva that fills area between two adjacent teeth apical to contact area
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| consists of 2 interdental papillae(facial/lingual) | interdental gingiva
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| formed by free gingiva from adjacent teeth | lateral borders and tip of interdental papilla
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| formed by attached gingiva | center portion of interdental papilla
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| col | valley-like depression in portion of interdental gingiva and lies directly apical to contact area
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| not present if adjacent teeth are not in contact or if gingiva has receded | col
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| prevents food from becoming packed between teeth during mastication | Interdental gingiva
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| coronal boundary | gingival margin
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| apical boundary of gingiva | alveolar mucosa
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| free gingival groove | shallow linear depression that separates free and attached gingiva
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| may be visible clinically but not obvious | free gingival groove
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| mucogingival junction | clinically visible boundary where pink attached gingiva meets red, shiny alveolar mucosa
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| PDL | layer of soft connective tissue that covers the root of tooth and attaches it to bone of tooth socket
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| composed mainly of fiber bundles | PDL
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| PDL attachment | one side to root cementum other side to alveolar bone of tooth socket
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| supportive function of PDL | suspends and maintains tooth in socket
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| Sensory function of PDL | provides sensory feeling to tooth such as pressure and pain
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| Nutritive function of PDL | provides nutriets to cementum and bone and itself
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| Formative functio of PDL | builds and maintains cementum and alveolar bone of tooth socket
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| Resorptive function of PDL | can remodel the alveolar bone in response to pressure such as that applied during ortho
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| Cementum | thin layer of hard, mineralized tissue covering surface of root
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| attached to dentin of root and seal off dentinal tubules | Cementum
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| more resistant to resorption than bone making it possible for teeth to be moved during ortho | Cementum
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| high resistance allows pressure applied during otho to cause resorption of alveolar bone | Cementum
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| does not have itsl own blood supply or nutrient supply | Cementum
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| no nerves and is insensitive to pain | Cementum
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| anchors ends of PDL to tooth | Cementum
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| outer layer of cementum | protects underlying dentin and seals ends of open dentinal tubles
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| compensates for tooth wear at occlusal or incisal surface | Cementum
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| formed at apical area of root to comensate for occlusal attrition | Cementum
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| Alveolar bone | bony projection surrounds and supports roots of teeth
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| AKA alveolar process | Alveolar bone
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| existance of alveolar bone depends on | presence of teeth
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| if teeth do not erupt | alveolar bone does not develop
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| forms the bony sockets providing support and protection for roots of teeth | alveolar bone
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| cortical bone | forms hard, outside wall of mandible and maxillae on facial and lingual aspects
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| fenestration | window like defect in cortical bone resulting in an isolated area of rooth that is not covered by bone
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| cause of fenestration | fistual tries to find way out-abcess
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| dehiscence | cleft like defect in cortical bone including bone margin
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| cause of dehiscence | mechanical perio disease-teeth start flaring and bone resorbs
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| cancellous bone | lattice like bone that fills interior portion of alveolar process
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| bone between cortical bone and alveolar bone proper | cancellous bone
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| cancellous bone | trabecular bone/spongey
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| alveolus | bony socket that houses the root of tooth
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| alveolar bone proper | thin layer of bone that lines each alveolus(dense bone)
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| identified as lamina dura in radiographs | alveolar bone proper
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| contains numerous holes that allow blood vessels from cancellous bone to connect with vessels of PDL space | alveolar bone proper
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| periosteum | layer of connective tissue covering the outer surface of bone
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| alveolar crest | most coronal portion of alveolar process
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| in health it is located 1-2mm apical to CEJ | alveolar crest
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| interproximal bone | bone that lies between proximal surfaces of two adjacent teeth
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| AKA interdental septum | interproximal bone
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| interradicular bone | bone between roots of multirooted teeth
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| crestal countour of intenterdental bone | good indicator of periodontal health
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| in posteriors contour of interproximal crest | parallel to imaginary line drawn between CEJs of adjacent teeth
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| Horizontal crest contour | CEJs are at same level
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| Angular crest contour | vertical contour of bone/one of adjacent teeth is tilted or erupted to different height
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| innervation | branches of trigeminal nerve
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| Nerve receptors in gingiva, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament | register pain, touch and pressure
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| gingiva of maxillary arch innervated by | superior alveolar nerves(anterior,middle, posterior branches),infraorbital nerve, greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves
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| mental nerve, buccal nerve, and sublingual branch of lingual nerve | gingiva of mandibular arch innervated by
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| innervation of teeth and PDL of maxillary arch | superior alveolar nerves
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| innervation of teeth/PDL of mandibulars | inferior alveolar nerve
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| accounts for dramatic color changes seen in gingivitis | anastomose of vessels of periodontium
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| transport oxygen/nutrients to tissue cells of periodontium and remove carbon diaxide/waste products from cells | complex network of blood vessels of periodontium
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| maxillary gingiva,PDL, and alveolar bone | Anterior/posterior superior alveolar arteries,infraorbital artery, greater palatine artery
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| Mandibular gingiva, PDL, and alveolar bone | inferior alveolar artery, branches of inferior alveolar artery:facial, buccal, mental, and sublingual arteries
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| Major arteries of teeth/periodontal tissues | superior alveolar arteries of maxillary and inferior alveolar artery of mandibular
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