Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Psych Vocab Ch. 10
Thinking and Language
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cognition | the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
| concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people |
| prototype | a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to the prototype provides a quick and easy method for including items in a category |
| algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier - but also more error prone - use of heuristics |
| heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more prone the algorithms |
| insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions |
| confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions |
| fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving |
| mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, especially a way that has been successful in the past but may or may not be helpful in solving a new problem. |
| functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving |
| representativeness heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information |
| availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common |
| overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct - to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgments |
| framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is frames can significantly affect decisions and judgments |
| belief bias | the tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusions seems valid, or vaild conclusions seem invalid |
| belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they where formed has been discredited |
| artificial intelligence (AI) | the science of designing and programming computer systems to do intelligent things and to simulate human thought processes, such as intuitive reasoning, learning, and understanding language |
| computer neural networks | computer circuits that mimic the brain's interconnected neural cells, performing tasks such as learning to recognize visual patterns and smells |
| language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we cobine them to communicate meaning |
| phoneme | in a spoken language, the smallest distinctive sound |
| morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix) |
| grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others |
| semantics | the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also the study of meaning |
| babbling stage | beginning at 3 to 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language |
| one-word stage | the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words |
| two-word stage | beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two word statements |
| telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram - "go car" - using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting "auxiliary" words |
| linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think |
Created by:
bailee1435
Popular Psychology sets