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Brandi Sizemore
Philosophy Week 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11,12, 13, Quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Philosophy can, most of all, help a person to think more __________. | critically |
| The correct citation for your course text is: Citation (Payne: 2015). | True |
| Quotation marks are not necessary when using a direct quote from your | False: Quotation marks should always be used when using exact wording from a source required |
| Citations are not necessary when using information from a source. | False: Citations are ALWAYS required when providing information from a source such as your text. |
| Why is it important to ask questions about life and the world around us? | It is very important to ask questions about the life or world around us because if we do not ask questions we will never know what the life or world around us is like or pertains to. "The only stupid question is the question that is never asked"-Ramon Bau |
| The correct reference for course text is: Payne, W. R. (2015). An Introduction to Philosophy. Bellevue College | False: The learner had tech issue and relayed that she answered true via a phone call. |
| "Ad hominem" is Latin for "against the man". | True |
| A fallacy is just a mistake in reasoning. | True |
| The 19th century pragmatist and logician, James Goffrin, offers the Surprise Principle as a method for evaluating abductive arguments. | False: It is Charles Sanders Peirce. |
| A deductively valid argument only provides one with a good reason for believing its conclusion if its premises are true. If a deductively valid argument has all true premises, we say that it is deductively sound. | True |
| A good argument is an argument that has true premises that, when taken together, support its conclusion. | True |
| Dialectic is also sometimes referred to as the | Socratic Method |
| If one were to ask you "how is philosophy done", what would be your reply? | If someone were to ask how philosophy is done, the response would be that philosophy is wisdom put into words. It generally comes from life experiences from various walks of life. The most powerful and life-changing wisdom comes at a cost. Usually, there |
| In the Homeric view of the world, human qualities are projected onto the world via human-like gods. Here explanation of the natural world is modeled on explanation of human behavior. | True |
| The beginning of philosophy in ancient Greece is often given as 585 B.C., the year that the Milesian philosopher Plato predicted a solar eclipse. | False: It was actually Thales who predicted the solar eclipse. |
| Pythagoras founded a religious society based on the following precepts: - that at its deepest level, reality is mathematical in nature -that philosophy can be used for spiritual purification - that the soul can rise to union with the devine -that ce | that all brothers of the order should observe strict loyalty and secrecy. |
| Most of early Greek philosophy prior to the Sophists was concerned with the natural world. | True |
| ____ is widely regarded as the founder of philosophy and rational inquiry. | Socrates |
| Moral Relativism is the parallel doctrine about moral standards. | True |
| The Divine Command Theory is a view about the nature of morality that says that was is right is right simply because it is commanded by God. | True |
| What is "Apology" and why was it written? | The apology is the speech that Plato halped Socrates. Socrates apologized at the trial when he was charged in his defense for the youth in Athens and other things. Socrates did not recognize the gods within the state, turning the children into evil ways. |
| In no less than 100 words, describe Imannual Kant's moral theory. | Kant's moral theory mainly focuses on respect for people, which is the theory of morality. Kant is the principle of the categorical imperative. A philosopher, Immanual Kant, is an influential figure in the world of philosophy. The most importnat ethical |
| In no less than 100 words, explain ethical pluaralism. Provide examples of how it could be used in the worlds today. | Ethical pluralism has many ethical theories which are relevant and compatible in which they evolved that all theories are important for people to practice them. Therefore, no one is superior to others in an ethical theory which calls for the understand |
| The term "distributive justice" refers to a theory of justice concerned with ________. | how society's wealth, opportunity, and power are spread throughout that society. |
| Theories of justice ask questions about different concepts in order to get to the core meaning of "justice". A question such as "When is civil disobedience justified?" would be considered a ______. | Question of Law |
| Plato's distrust of the ability of ordinary citizens to make political choices that were unswayed by irrational emotional appeals and illogical arguments was inspired by ________. | the death of Socrates |
| Locke differed from Hobbes in his view of human nature because Locke believed that people ________. | are governed by certain "natural laws" that made them free, rational, and social creatures. |
| John Rawls thought that justice should be based on ______. | fairness |
| Socialism is the political philosophy that places a premium on __________. | the welfare of the community. |
| What was Rawl's view of the concepts of people living in a "state of nature"and entering into a "social contract"? | Rawl agreed with Hume that the notion of people living in a "state of nature" and then assembling to enter into a "social contract" were historical fictions. Nevertheless, Rawls believed that we could still make productive use of these concepts by viewing |
| _____________'s dualism holds that the mind is composed of a fundamentally different kind of substance than the body. | Descartes |
| The philosophical behaviorism of Gilbert Ryle is an attempt to salvage talk of minds and mental states and make such talk empirically acceptable. | True |
| The Brain State Identity Theory proposes htsthat mental states are identical with brain states. | True |
| According to the Brain State theory, the belief that Obama was president of the USA in 2002 just is a certain neuro-chemical state of hte brain. | True |
| For functionalism, talking of mental states as dispositions does involve attributing underlying causal base properties. To be in a mental state is to have some underlying causal basis for behaving in this way if these conditions are met, etc. | True |
| What are Chalmers thoughts in regard to philosophical zombies? | Chalmers's thoughts regarding philosophical zombies are like humans but with no consciousness; thus, they looked like other humans in the physical aspect, but they did not have the same consciousness, meaning they lacked the physical aspect and the mind |
| Empiricism is the position that ______________. | reality can be perceived through the senses. |
| Locke believed that rationalism is false becuase _________. | He believed it was always possible to show that knowledge arises from experience. |
| Berkeley's epistemology of subjective idealism is represented by which Latin phrase? | esse est percipi |
| David Hume used the word "impressions" to mean _________. | what we directly experience through the senses or emotions. |
| Which philosopher's skepticism led him to conclude that there is not sound reason to believe in the principles of and effect? | David Hume |
| Hume divided human knowledge into two categories and insisted that every justifiable belief must meed the standards of one or the other. This idea has come to be known as "Hume's fork" (i.e. "fork in the road). What are these two categories and why are t | Matters of Fact which is an appeal that is either confirmed/disconfirmed) by appeal to our experience. Chances are that statements could be falsified. The relations of ideas of mathematics and logic and matters of fact are not expressed to the experience |
| The job of applied ethics is to consider what more general theories of good and bad have to say about more specific issues. | True |
| Normative ethics in particular is concerned with articulation and developing the general ethical theories in terms of which ethical opinions at the applied level might be justified. | True |
| An alternative to realism and conventionalism is that there are no ethical truths at all and is known as: | ethical subjectivism |
| Realism is the view that there are ethical thuths and they are made true by something other than convention. | True |
| Subjectivism is the view that there are ethical truths and their truth is a matter of convention (God's in the case of DCT, people's conventions in the case of Moral Relativism). | False: Conventionalism is actually the correct answer |
| Subjectivism is the view that there are no ethical truths, only subjective ethical sentiments. | True |
| Under the sway of Empiricism, many thoughtful people have doubted that there is any objective value that could ground substantive normative moral theories like Utilitarianism or respect for persons. | True |
| How does meta-ethics apply to your work as a nurse? | Meta-ethics plays a role in nursing every day, and honestly, that is for any healthcare worker, whether you are a CNA, CMA, LPN, Director of Nursing, and so on. It is a study of the discipline of ethics that we should all know right from wrong. Apart from |
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Brandi Sizemore
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