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WGeo Unit 5 Review
World Geography Semester B Unit 5 Review Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Levant | The area on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea “where the sun rises” |
| Middle East | all of the countries in Southwest Asia and Egypt |
| The Stans | Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Uzbekistan Turkmenistan |
| The Caucasus | a mountainous area between Europe and Asia |
| Sahara Desert | the largest hot desert in the world |
| Arabian Desert | desert on the Arabian Peninsula |
| Rub Al-Khali | part of the Arabian Desert; the largest contiguous sand desert in the world |
| Contiguous | sharing a common border |
| Maghreb | an expansive region extending from Morocco to Libya |
| Atlas Mountains | a range of mountains in the Maghreb |
| Fertile Crescent | a crescent shaped region in the Middle East known for fertile land due to the presence of the Nile River and its delta |
| Nile River | the “father of African rivers”which flows northward on the east-central part of the African continent |
| delta | fanlike flat area of a river opening to the sea |
| shrub steppe | a grassland plain with few trees but a lot of low-lying bushes |
| desalination | removing salt from seawater to make freshwater |
| Aral Sea | a shrinking lake in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan a victim of negative geopolitical decisions |
| Bedouins | a population of nomadic Arab tribes that have adapted to the harsh desert environment |
| choke point | a narrow passage to another region such as a canal; valley; or bridge... countries vie for control of these |
| secular | neutral on matters of religion |
| state religion | an established or official religion officially endorsed by the country’s government |
| Islamic state | a state religion that follows Islamic law |
| ISIS | Islamic State of Iraq and Syria fundamentalist view of Islam |
| Islamism | characterized by a strict literal interpretation of the Quran (or Qur’an); conservative moral values and the desire to establish Islamic values across the entire world |
| jihadism | seeks to combat threats to the Muslim community and believes that all Muslim individuals are responsible for this effort |
| caliphate | an Islamic state under the leadership of an Islamic ruler who is known as the caliph |
| sharia law | Islamic religious law applies in the court system |
| Arab Spring | a wave of revolutions and protests against dictatorships in the Arab region |
| Terrorism | the use of violence and threats to intimidate and coerce |
| OPEC | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries – controls production and pricing of petroleum (oil) |
| Embargo | an official ban on trade with a particular country |
| PLO | Palestinian Liberation Organization – organization which acts on behalf of the Palestinians |
| Zionism | belief in the need for a Jewish homeland in the holy land |
| Partition | division of land; usually at attempt to avoid conflict or along ethnic/religious lines; often designed by a foreign or imperial power |
| West Bank | an area near the Mediterranean Sea that is occupied by many Palestinians but mostly under Israeli control |
| Monotheism | the belief that there is only one God |
| Torah | the Jewish holy book |
| Jewish Diaspora | scattering of the Jews |
| Bible | the Christian holy book |
| Gospels | the first four books of the New Testament of the Bible |
| Quran | the Islamic holy book |
| polytheistic | believing in many gods |
| spatial diffusion | the spread of beliefs across the land |
| Shia (or Shi'ite) | a branch of Islam that believes a leader should be a blood relative of Muhammad; popular in Iran; Iraq; Bahrain; and Azerbaijan. |
| Sunni | a branch of Islam that believes a leader should be selected from and by the community and not necessarily blood related to Muhammad; is the most popular branch of Islam overall |
| Sufism | the least popular branch of Islam; focuses on the inward dimension of Islam |
| Taliban | ruled Afghanistan from 1996-2001; known for extreme persecution of women |
| Malala Yousafzai | a women’s rights activities who was shot in the face by the Taliban for blogging about girls’ rights to education |
| male guardianship | part of Islamic law that requires females to defer to a male relative for their own decisions; females were considered “legally minors” |
| Silk Road | a route traveled by traders that also carried cultural aspects around SWANA; a route for spatial diffusion of culture |
| yurt | circular tent dwelling popular in Central Asia |
| mosque | Muslim place of worship |
| lingua franca | a bridge language used by groups of people who have different original languages |
Created by:
joann.roe
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