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Chapter One Psych

History of Psychology

QuestionAnswer
Physical Basis for behavior. All nature: genetics, health, disease. How they impact a person's life. Nervous System: brain, spinal cord Endocrine System: hormonal imbalances Immune System: Healthy? Not Healthy? Genetics: Mom/Dad- Inherited? Biological Perspective
1950's emphasized: Free Will-Free to make choices Determinism-guides who we become (determined) Psychological growth Unique human potential Humanist Psychology
How behavior is acquired/modified by the environment or learning. -classical conditioning (Ivan Pavlov) -operant conditioning-shaped by rewards or punishments. Behavioral Perspective
Has to do with medicine. Scientific Methods could be applied to human behavior and thinking. Physiology.
Origins in early Philosophical writings. -Aristotle (dreams...) Philosophy and Physiology
Heredity/Environment ex: aggression (runs in the family) -environment can change a person Nature vs. Nurture
Science of behavior and mental processes. Psychology
Conscious experiences made from structures of conscious thought. Perceptions + Feelings-Contribute to conscious thoughts. Structuralism
Procedure to identify elements of conscious thought. Introspection
How behavior functions to allow adaption to environment. Functionalism
Therapeutic relationships. -unconscious influences -early life experiences -interpersonal relationships Psychodynamic Perspective
Own structure is standard Ethnocentrism
Work for the group Collectivistic
By Charles Darwin -Natural Selection *Principles of Evolution explain behavior/psychology (natural selection) -influenced by Darwin. Evolutionary Perspective
In the 1980's Differences among cultures. Influences of culture on behavior -independence ex: Asians-contribute to the group. Culture, ethnocentrism, individualistic, collectivistic Cross-Cultural Perspective
Work for yourself. Individualistic
Attitudes, values, beliefs and behaviors Culture
How people think, what they think. -process and remember information. (they consider mental processes) -Develop Language (speech delays in children) -Problem Solving -Thinking(mental processes-speed) Cognitive Perspective
Focusing on the positive. Study: Pos. emotions+psychological states Pos. individual traits Social institutions Foucs: Health, not illness Positive Psychology Perspective
1878-1958 rejected the study of mental processes. -he was a behaviorist -Championed behaviorist -Father of behaviorist -Baby Albert with the fear of white rats (teaching him to be afraid.) -wanted to raise 12 infants to raise them to be how he wa John B. Watson
1904-1990 American Psychologist Did research with animals (mostly pigeons) -Shaped behavior of animals in experiments **Behaviorism dominated American Psychology for 50 years** B.F. Skinner
1856-1939 from Austria M.D. -1st person who did research on the "unconscious" -Father of "unconscious thought" Pyschoanalytic theory -unconscious conflicts -sexual/aggressive in nature -past experiences Behaviorism -observable behavior -measur Sigmund Freud
1849-1936 Russian Psychologist -research with dogs -when he fed them, they salivated(repeated exposures) -classical conditioning -research influenced development of behaviorism -discovered a basic learning process associated with stimuli... Ivan Pavlov
1844-1924 -1st person to get a P.h.D in Psychology -American Journal of Psychology (1st US JOURNAL) -1ST Psych research lab in U.S. -1ST President of APA G. Stanley Hall
1842-1919 from America -went to Harvard -functualism analyzed people's behavior looked at conscious structures+behaviors -Functionalists looked at how studying Psych. is applicable to: education child rearing work environment William James
1867-1927 from England -Student of Wundt -Structuralism -Introspection unreliable downfall -wanted to find a pattern, found out that everyone is different. Edward B. Titchener
1832-1920 from Germany -Founder of Psychology -wrote "Principles of Physiological Psychology" -he established the 1st research psych. lab -defined "study of consciousness" -experimental methods-tested and measured people's consciousness William Wundt
1902-1987 -Founder of humanist Psychology -conscious experiences -from America -Psychological growth and self-direction -Self-determination, free will, and choice. Carl Rogers
1908-1970 -From America -Theory of Motivation-emphasized psychological growth Abraham Maslow
Created by: italianbabe330
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