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STEM NAMES
Definition & substem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| -ac | anti-inflammatory agents, ibufenac derivatives |
| -actide | synthetic polypeptides with a corticotrophin-like action |
| -adol or -adol- | analgesics |
| -adom | analgesics, tifluadom derivatives |
| -afenone | antiarrhythmics, propafenone derivatives |
| -aj- | antiarrhythmics, ajmaline derivatives |
| -aldrate | antacids, aluminium salts |
| -alox | antacids, aluminium derivatives |
| andr | steroids, androgens |
| -anserin | serotonin receptor antagonists (mostly 5-HT2) |
| -antel | anthelminthics (underfined group) |
| -arabine | arabinofuranosyl derivatives |
| -arit | antiarthritic substances, acting like clobuzarit and lobenzarit (mechanism different from anti-inflammatory type substances, eg -fenamates or -profens) |
| -arol | anticoagulants, dicoumarol derivatives |
| arte- | antimalarial agents, artemisinin related compounds |
| -ase | enzymes;-dismase (superoxide dismutase activity),-pase (lipase)-teplase (tissue plasminogen activators), -uplase (urokinase-type-plasminogen activators) |
| -ast | antiasthmatic, antiallergics, not acting primarily as antihistaminics; -lukast (leukotriene receptor antagonist); -trodast (thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists, antiasthmatics) |
| -astine | antihistaminics |
| -azenil | benzodiazepine receptor antagonists/agonists (benzodiazepine derivatives) |
| -azepam | diazepam derivatives |
| -azepide | cholecystokinin receptor antagonist |
| -azocine | narcotic antagonists/agonists related to 6,7-benzomorphan |
| -azoline | antihistaminics or local vasoconstrictors, antazoline derivatives |
| -azosin | antihypertensive substances, prazosin derivatives |
| -bactam | b-lactamase inhibitors |
| -bamate | tranquillizers, propanediol and pentanediol derivatives |
| barb | hypnotics, barbituric acid derivatives |
| -bendazole | anthelminthics, tiabendazole derivatives |
| bol | anabolic steroids |
| -bradine | bradycardic agents |
| -buzone | anti-inflammatory analgesics, phenylbutazone derivatives |
| -cain- | Class 1 antiarrhythmics, procainamide and lidocaine derivatives (antifibrillants with local anaesthetic activity) |
| -caine | local anaesthetics |
| calci | Vitamin D analogues/derivatives |
| -carbef | antibiotics, carbacepham derivatives |
| -carnil | benzodiazepine receptor antagonists/agonists (carboline derivatives) |
| -cavir | see vir |
| cef- | antibiotics, cefalosporanic acid derivatives |
| cell- or cel- or -cell- | cellulose derivatives cell-ate (cellulose ester derivatives); -cellose (cellulose ether derivatives) |
| -cic | hepatoprotectice substances with a carboxylic acid group |
| -cidin | naturally occurring antibiotics (undefined group) |
| -cillin | antibiotics, 6-aminopenicillanic acid derivatives |
| -citabine | nucleoside antiviral or antineoplastic agents, cytarabine or azarabine derivatives |
| -clone | hypnotic tranquillizers |
| -cog | blood coagulation factors; (-)eptacog (blood coagulation VII); (-)octocog (blood coagulation factor VIII); (-)nonacog (blood coagulation factor IX) |
| -conazole | systemic antifungal agents, miconazole derivatives |
| cort | corticosteroids, except prednisolone derivatives |
| -crinat | diuretics, etacrynic acid derivatives |
| -crine | acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, tacrine derivatives |
| -cromil | antiallergics, cromoglicic acid derivatives |
| -curium | see -ium |
| -cycline | antibiotics, tetracycline derivatives |
| -dan | cardiac stimulants, pimobendan derivatives |
| -dapsone | Antimycobacterials, diaminodiphenylsulfone derivatives |
| -dermin | see -ermin |
| -dil | vasodilators |
| -dipine | calcium channel blockers, nifedipine derivatives |
| -dismase | see -ase |
| -dopa | dopamine receptor agonists, dopamine derivatives, used as antiparkinsonism/prolactin inhibitors; |
| -dox | antibacterials, quinoline dioxide derivatives |
| -dralazine | antihypertensives, hydrazinephthalazine derivatives |
| -drine | sympathomimetics; -frine: sympathomimetic, phenethyl derivatives |
| dronic acid | calcium metabolism regulator, pharmaceutical aid |
| -ectin | antiparasitics, ivermectin derivatives |
| -entan | endothelin receptor antagonists |
| -eptacog | see –cog |
| erg | ergot alkaloid derivatives |
| -eridine | analgesics, pethidine derivatives |
| -ermin | growth factors;-dermin (epidermal growth factors);-fermin (fibrinoblast growth factors);-nermin (tumour necrosis factor);-sermin (insulin-like growth factors) |
| estr | estrogens |
| -etanide | diuretics, piretanide derivatives |
| -exakin | see -kin |
| -exine | mucolytic, bromhexine derivatives |
| -fenamic acid | anti-inflammatory, anthranilic acid derivatives-fenamate (“-fenamic acid” derivatives) |
| -fenin | diagnostic aids; (phenylcarbamoyl)methyl iminodiacetic acid derivatives |
| -fenine | analgesics, glafenine derivatives - (subgroup of fenamic acid group) |
| -fentanil | narcotic analgesics, fentanil derivatives |
| -fermin | see –ermin |
| -fiban | Fibrinogen receptor antagonists (glycoprotein lib/llla receptor antagonists |
| -fibrate | clofibrate derivatives |
| -flapon | 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor |
| -flurane | general inhalation anaesthetics, halogenated alkane derivatives |
| -formin | antihyperglycaemics, phenformin derivatives |
| -fos (-vos) | insecticides, anthelmintics,pesticides etc., phosphorous derivatives |
| -fos- or fos- | various pharmacological categories belonging to -fos (other than above) |
| -fradil | calcium channel blockers acting as vasodilators |
| -frine | see -drine |
| -fungin | antifungal antibiotics |
| -fylline | N-methylated xanthine derivatives |
| gab | gabamimetic agents |
| gado- | diagnostic agents, gadolinium derivatives |
| -gatran | thrombin inhibitor, antithrombotic agents |
| gest | steroids, progestogens |
| -giline | MAO-inhibitors type B |
| -gillin | antibiotics produced by Aspergillus strains |
| gli | antihyperglycaemics, sulfonamide derivatives |
| -golide | dopamine receptor agonists, ergoline derivatives |
| -gramostim | see -stim |
| -grastim | see -stim |
| -grel- or -grel | platelet aggregation inhibitors |
| guan- | antihypertensives, guanidine derivatives |
| -icam | anti-inflammatory, isoxicam derivatives |
| -ifene | antiestrogens, clomifene and tamoxifen derivatives |
| -ilide | Class III antiarrhythmics, sematilide derivatives |
| imex | immunostimulants |
| -imod | immunomodulators, both stimulant/suppressie and stimulant |
| -imus | immunosuppressants (other than antineoplastics) |
| io- | iodine-containing contrast media |
| -io- or iod- | iodine containing compounds other than contrast media |
| -iptan | serotonin (5HT1) receptor agonists, sumatriptan derivatives |
| -irudin | hirudin derivatives |
| -isomide | antiarrhythmics, disopyramide derivatives |
| -ium | quarternary ammonium compounds- curium (curare-like substances) |
| -izine | diphenylmethyl piperazine derivatives-rizine (antihistaminics/cerebral (or peripheral) vasodilators) |
| -kacin | antibiotics, kanamycin and bekanamycin derivatives (obtained from Streptomyces kanamyceticus); |
| -kalant | potassium channel blockers |
| -kalim | potassium channel activators, antihypertensive |
| -kef- | enkephalin agonists |
| -kin | interleukin type substances;-nakin (ll-1 derivatives)-leukin (ll-2 derivatives)-plestim (ll-3 derivatives)-exakin (ll-6 derivatives) |
| -kinra | interleukin receptor antagonists;-nakinra (ll-1 receptor antagonists) |
| -kiren | renin inhibitors |
| -leukin | see -kin |
| -lipastat | see -stat |
| -lukast | see -ast |
| -mab | monoclonal antibodies (for details please see page …..) |
| -mantadine | adamantine derivatives;-mantine, -mantone |
| -meline | cholinergic agents, arecoline derivatives |
| -mer | polymers |
| -mesine | sigma receptor ligands |
| -mestane | aromatase inhibitors |
| -metacin | anti-inflammatory, indometacin derivatives |
| -micin | antibiotics obtained from various Micromonospora |
| -monam | monobactam antibiotics |
| -morelin | see -relin |
| -mostim | see -stim |
| -motine | antivirals, quinoline derivatives |
| -moxin | monoamine oxidase inhibitors, hydrazine derivatives ** not part of definition |
| -mustine | antineoplastic, alkylating agents, (b-chloroethyl) amine derivatives |
| -mycin | antibiotics, produced by Streptomyces strains |
| nab | cannabinol derivatives |
| -nakin | see -kin |
| -nakinra | see -kinra |
| nal- | narcotic antagonists/agonists related to normorphine |
| -nercept | tumour necrosis factor antagonist |
| -nermin | see -ermin |
| nic | nicotinic acid or nicotinoyl alcohol derivatives |
| -nicate | antihypercholesterolaemic and/or vasodilating nicotinic acid esters |
| -nidazole | antiprotozoals, metronidazole derivatives |
| nifur- | 5-nitrofuran derivatives |
| -nixin | anti-inflammatory, anilinonicotinic acid derivatives |
| -nonacog | see -cog |
| -octocog | see -cog |
| -olol | b-adrenoreceptor antagonists-alol: aromatic ring –CH-CH2-NH-R related to -olols |
| -olone | steroids other than prednisolone derivatives |
| -opamine | dopaminergic agents dopamine derivatives used as cardiac stimulat/antihypertensives/diuretics |
| -onide | steroids for topical use, acetal derivatives |
| -(o)nidine | antihypertensives, clonidine derivatives |
| -orex | anoretics |
| orphan | narcotic antagonists/agonists, morphinan derivates;-orphine, -orphinol, orphone |
| -oxacin | antibacterials, nalidixic acid derivatives |
| -oxan(e) | benzodioxane derivatives |
| -oxanide | antiparasitics, salicylanides and analogues |
| -oxef | antibiotics, oxacefalosporanic acid derivatives |
| -oxetine | antidepressants, fluoxetine derivatives |
| -pafant | platelet-activating factor antagonists |
| -pamide | diuretics, sulfamoylbenzoic acid derivatives |
| -pamil | -pafant platelet-activating factor antagonists -pamide diuretics, sulfamoylbenzoic acid derivatives coronary vasodilators, verapamil derivatives |
| -parcin | glycopeptides antibiotics |
| -parin | heparin derivatives including low molecular mass heparins |
| -penem | analogues of penicillanic acid antibiotics modified in the five-membered ring |
| -peridol -peridone | see –perone see –perone |
| -perone | tranquillizers, neuroleptics, 4’-fluoro-4-piperidinobutyrophenone derivatives;- peridol (antipsychotics, haloperidol derivatives);-peridone (antipsychotics, risperidone derivatives) |
| -pidem | hypnotics/sedatives, zolpidem derivatives |
| -pin(e) | tricyclic compounds-apine (psychoactive);-cilpine (antiepileptic);-dipine (see –dipine)-zepine (antidepressant/neuroleptic;-oxepin, -oxopine, -sopine, -tepines |
| -piprazole | psychotropics, phenylpiperazine derivatives |
| -pirox | antimycotic pyridine derivatives |
| -planin | antibacterials (Actinoplanes strains) |
| platin | antineoplastic agents, platinum derivatives |
| -plestim | see –stim |
| -plon | pyrazolo[-]pyrimidine derivatives, used as anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics-poetin erythropoietin type blood factors-porfin benzoporphyrin derivatives |
| -pramine | substances of the imipramine group |
| -prazole | antiulcer, benzimidazole derivatives |
| pred | prednisone and prednisolone derivatives;methazone or –metasone, -betasol |
| -pressin | vasoconstrictors, vasopressin derivatives |
| -pride | sulpiride derivatives |
| -pril(at) | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors |
| -prim | antibacterials, trimethoprim derivatives |
| -profen | anti-inflammatory agents, ibuprofen derivatives |
| prost | prostaglandins;-prostil (prostaglandins, anti-ulcer) |
| -prostil | see -prost |
| -quinil | benzodiazepine receptor partial agonists (quinoline derivatives) |
| -racetam | amide type nootrope agents, piracetam derivatives |
| -relin | prehormones or hormone-release stimulating peptides;-morelin (growth hormone release-stimulating peptides);-tirelin (thyrotropin releasing hormone analogues) |
| -relix | hormone-release inhibiting peptides |
| -renone | aldosterone antagonists, spironolactone derivates |
| -restat (or -restat-) | see –stat |
| retin | retinol derivatives |
| -ribine | ribofuranil-derivatives of the pyrazofurin type |
| rifa- | antibiotics, rifamycin derivatives |
| -rinone | cardiac stimulants, amrinone derivatives |
| -rizine | see –izine |
| -rozole | aromatase inhibitors, imidozole-triazole derivatives |
| -rubicin | antineoplastic antibiotics, daunorubicin derivatives |
| sal | salicylic acid derivatives:-sal-, salazo-, -salazine/-salazide, -salan |
| -sartan | angiotensin II receptor antagonists, antihypertensive (non-peptidic) |
| -semide | diuretics, furosemide derivatives |
| -sermin | see –ermin |
| -serpine | derivatives of Rauwolfia alkaloids |
| -setron | serotonin receptor antagonists (5-HT3), not fitting into other established groups of serotonin receptor antagonists |
| som- | growth hormone derivatives |
| -spirone | anxiolytics, buspirone derivatives |
| -stan- or -ster- | steroids, androgens |
| -stat (or -stat-) | enzyme inhibitors:-lipastat (pancreatic lipase inhibitors);restat or -restat- (aldose-reducing inhibitors);-vastatin (antilipidemic substances, HMG CoA reductase inh |
| -steine | mucolytics, other than bromhexine derivatives |
| -ster- | androgens/anabolic steroids:-testosterone, -sterone, -ster-, -gesterone, -sterone, sterol, ster,-(a)steride(antineoplastics) |
| -stim (1 0F 2) | colony stimulating factors:-grastim (granulocyte colony stimulatory factor (G-CSF) type) substances;-gramostim (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) type substances); |
| -stim (2 OF 2) | -mostim (macrophage stimulating factors (M-CSF) type substances);-plestim (interleukin-3 analogues and derivatives) |
| sulfa- | anti-infectives, sulfonamides |
| -sulfan | antineoplastic, alkylating agents, methanesulfonates |
| -tecan | antineoplastics, topoisomerase I inhibitors |
| -tepa | antineoplastics, thiotepa derivatives |
| -teplase | see -ase |
| -terol | bronchodilators, phenethylamine derivatives(previously -prenaline or -terenol) |
| -terone | antiandrogens |
| -tiazem | calcium channel blockers, diltiazem derivatives |
| -tide | peptides and glycopeptides(for special groups of peptides see -actide, -pressin, -relin, -tocin) |
| -tidine | histamine H2-receptor antagonists, cimetidine derivatives |
| -tirelin | see -relin |
| -tizide | diuretics, chlorothiazide derivatives |
| -tocin | oxytocin derivatives |
| -toin | antiepileptics, hydantoin derivatives |
| -trexate | folic acid analogues |
| -tricin | antibiotics, polyene derivatives |
| -triptyline | antidepressants, dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptane or cyclopheptene derivatives |
| -troban | thromboxane A2-receptor antagonists; antithrombotic agents |
| -trodast | see -ast |
| trop | atropine derivatives |
| -uplase | see -ase |
| -uracil | derivatives used as thyroid antagonists and as antineoplastics |
| -uridine | derivatives used as antiviral agents and as antineoplastics; also -udine |
| -vastatin | see -stat |
| -verine | spasmolytics with a papaverine-like action |
| vin- or -vin- | vinca alkaloids |
| vir | antivirals (underfined group):-amivir (neuraminidase inhibitors);-cavir (carbocyclic nucleosides);-virsen (antisense oligonucleotides) |
| -virsen | see vir |
| -vudine | antiviral; antineoplastics, zidovudine derivatives |
| -xanox | antiallergic respiratory tract drugs, xanoxic acid deriv |
| -zofone | alozafone derivatives |
| -zepine | -zepine |
Created by:
izeno
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