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scifinal
Final Exam physical science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| eardrum | a tough membrane about .1 mm thick which passes sound along to the middle ear |
| echolocation | is the process of locating objects by emitting sounds and interpreting the sound waves that are reflected back |
| doppler effect | is the change in pitch or wave frequency due to a moving wave source |
| reverberation | the echoing effect produced by many reflections of sound |
| intensity | the amount of energy that flows through a certain area in a specific amount of time; when you turn down the volume of your radio, you reduce the energy carried by the sound waves |
| music | is made of sounds that are deliberately (on purpose) used in a regular pattern |
| overtone | is a vibration whose frequency is a multiple of the fundamental frequency |
| ultrasonic | sound frequencies above 20,000 Hz; used in medical diagnosis and treatment |
| loudness | is the human perception of sound intensity; sound waves wiht high intensity carry more energy |
| acoustics | is the study of sound |
| pitch | is how high or low a sound seems to be; it is related to the frequency of the sound waves |
| cochlea | contained in the inner ear, this is a spiral-shaped or coiled structure that is filled with liquid and contanis tiny hair cells |
| sonar | is a system that uses the reflection of underwater sound waves to detect objects |
| resonator | is a hollow chamber filled with air that amplifies sound when the air inside of it vibrates |
| decibel | is a unit of the scale for sound intensity |
| quality | describes the differences among sounds of the same pitch and loudness |
| frequency | is the number of vibrations that occur in 1 second; it is measured in hertz |
| carrier wave | the specific frequency of the electromagnetic wave that a radio station is assigned is called this |
| transceiver | transmits one radio signal and receives another radio signal from a base unit; having two signals at different frequencies allows you to talk and listen at the same time |
| radiant energy | makes a fire feel warm and enables you to see; it is the type carried by an electromagnetic wave |
| microwaves | are radio waves wiht wavelenghts of less than 1 meter |
| GPS | is a system of satelites, ground monitoring stations, and receivers that provide details about your exact location at or above Earth's surface |
| electromagnetic waves | are made by vibrating electric charges and can travel through space where matter is not present; they travel by transferring energy between vibrating electric and magnetic fields |
| cathode-ray tube | in many television sets wehre the image is displayed; a sealed vacuum tube in which one or more beams of electrons are produced |
| photon | the energy of this particle depends on the frequency of the light |
| radio waves | are low-frequency electromagnetic waves with wavelengths greater than about 1 millimeter |
| x-rays | are ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves that are so energetic that they can travel through matter, breaking molecular bonds as they go; they are used in radiation therapy to kill diseased cells |
| infrared waves | hotter objects emit more of these than cooler objects do; they are a type of electromagnetic wave with wavelengths between 1 millimeter and about 750 billionths of a meter |
| ultraviolet waves | are energetic enough to enter skin cells; they are electromagnetic waves with waelenghts from about 400 billionth of a meter |
| visible light | differ from radio waves and infrared waves only by its frequency and wavelength; wavelengths around 400 billionths of a meter (electromagnetic waves that you can detect with your eyes) |
| radar | is another use of radio waves to find the position and movement of objects; it stands for Radio Detecting and Ranging |
| index of refraction | indicates how much a material slows down the light traveling through it |
| holography | technique that produces a 3-D photographic image with a lens |
| coherent light | light of only one wavelength that travels with its crests and troughs aligned |
| mirage | image of a distant object produced by refraction of light through air layers of different densities |
| pigment | colored material that absorbs some colors and reflects others |
| incadescent light | produced by heating a piece of metal until it glows |
| fluorescent light | produced without excessive loss of thermal energy |
| polarized light | light in which the waves vibrate in only one direction |
| incoherent light | light that spreads out and may contain more than one wavelength |
| transparent | material that transmits almost all light |
| opaque | material that allows no light to pass through |
| translucent | material that transmits some light and blocks some light |
| total internal reflection | light striking a surface between two materials reflects totally back into the first material |
Created by:
MaurieGAllen
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