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Pharmacology Ch. 7
key terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| agranulocytosis | a reduction in white blood cells |
| alcohol dependence | a pattern of alcohol use that involves problems controlling drinking and preoccupation with alcohol; also known as alocholism |
| anorexia | loss of appetite for food |
| antipsychotic drugs | drugs that are used to treat schizophrenia; reduce symptoms of hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders; also called neuroleptics |
| anxiety | a state of uneasiness characterized by apprehension and worry about possible events |
| atypical antipsychotic drugs | first line therapy for schizophrenia and other psychoses that address specific neurotransmitters |
| bipolar disorder | a condition in which a patient presents with mood swings that alternate between periods of major depression and periods of mild-to-severe chronic agitation |
| cataplexy | short periods of muscle weakness and loss of muscle tone associated with sudden emotions such as joy, fear, or anger; a symptom of nacrolepsy |
| chemical dependence | the inability to control the use of some physical substance |
| delirium tremens | a condition caused by cessation of alcohol consumption in which coarse, irregular tremors are accompanied by vivid hallucinations |
| depression | a condition characterized by anxiety, hopelessness, irritability, intense sadness, loss of concentration, pessimism, and problems with eating and sleeping |
| emetic | a substance that induces vomiting |
| endogenous anxiety | anxiety caused by factors within the organism |
| exogenous anxiety | anxiety caused by factors outside the organism |
| extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) | disorders of muscle movement control caused by blocking dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia |
| ghost tablet | empty shell of an oros tablet; excreted in the stool after the drug has dissolved |
| hypnotic | a drug that induces sleep |
| insomnia | difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep , or not feeling refreshed on awakening |
| mania | a state of overly high energy, excitement, hyperactivity, optimism, and increased psychomotor activity |
| monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) | an antidepressant drug that inhibits the activity of the enzymes that break down catecholamines ( such as norepinephrine) and serotoin |
| narcolepsy | a sleep disorder in which inappropriate attacks of sleep occur during the daytime hours |
| neuroleptic drugs | see antipsychotic drugs |
| neurotransmitter | a chemical substance emitted by a neuron to communicate, such as serotonin, dopamine, or norepinephrine |
| orthostatic hypotension | a drop in blood pressure on sitting or standing up |
| osmotic controlled-release oral delivery system (OROS) | a drug delivery system that allows the drug to dissolve through pores in the tablet shell; the empty shell, called ghost tablet, is passed in the stool |
| panic | intense, overwhelming, and uncontrollable anxiety |
| posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | a disorder characterized by persistent agitation or persistent, recurrent fear after the end of a traumatic event and lasting for over a month or impairing work or relationships |
| premenstrual dysphoric disorder | a severe form or premenstrual syndrome |
| priapism | a prolonged penile erection |
| qt interval | the time between depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles of the heart during a heartbeat, as shown on an electrocardiogram |
| schizophrenia | a chronic mental-health disorder with mental and emotional fragmentation and retreat from reality, hallucinations, ambivalence, and bizarre or regressive behavior |
| seasonal affective disorder | a form of depression that recurs in the fall and winter and remits in the spring and summer |
| selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor | an antidepressant drug that blocks the reabsorption of serotonin, with little effect on norepinephrine and fewer side effects than other antidepressant drugs |
| serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor | an antidepressant drug that blocks the reabsorption of both serotonin and norepinephrine, increasing the levels of both neurotransmitters |
| serotonin syndrome | a possible fatal condition caused by combining antidepressants that increase serotonin levels with other medications that also stimulate serotonin receptors |
| tardive dyskinesia | involuntary movements of the moth, lips, and tongue |
| tricyclic antidepressant | one of a class of antidepressant drugs, developed earlier than the ssris and snris that also |
Created by:
jenna209
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