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SubSaharan Africa KT
Key Terms
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Human evolution | Long-term biological maturation of the human species. Geographically, all evidence points toward East Africa as the source of humankind |
Rift valley | The through or trench that forms when a thinning strip of the Earth's crust sinks between two parallel faults (surface fractures) |
Continental drift | The slow movements of continents controlled by the process associated with plate tectonics |
State formation | The creation of a state, exemplifying traditions of human territoriality that go back thousands of years |
Indirect rule | British colonial practice that kept indigenous power structures in place, co-opting individual rulers. The purpose was to minimize armed conflict and maximize profits |
Land tenure | The way people own, occupy, and use land |
Land alienation | One society or culture group taking land from another |
Green revolution | The successful late-twentieth-century development of higher-yield, fast-growing varieties of rice and other cereals in certain developing countries |
Agribusiness | The agricultural operations of large, often multinational, corporations |
Medical Geography | The study of health and disease within a geographic context and from a spatial perspective. Among other things, geographic field examines the sources, diffusion routes, and distribution of diseases |
Endemic | Refers to a disease in a host population that affects many people in a kind of equilibrium without causing rapid and widespread deaths |
Epidemic | A local or regional outbreak of a disease |
Pandemic | An outbreak of a disease that spreads worldwide |
Multilingualism | A society marked by a mosaic of local languages |
Formal economy | The part of a national economy that is registered with the government agencies and complies with laws and regulations, especially taxation |
Informal economy | The new, increasingly dominant, postindustrial economy that is maturing in the most highly advanced countries of North America, Europe, and the Pacific Rim |
Apartheid | Literally, apartness. The Afrikaans term for South Africa's pre-1994 policies or radical separation, a system that produced highly segregated socio-geographical patterns |
Exclave | A bounded, non-island piece of territory that is part of a particular state but lies separated from it by the territory of another state |
Sharia Law | The strict criminal code based in Islamic law that prescribes the corporal punishment, amputations, stonings, and lashings for both major and minor offenses. |
Boko Haram | The violent, jihadist, terrorist organization that is based in - and controls parts of- northeastern Nigeria. |
Xenophobia | Extreme dislike and fear of foreigners, sometimes fueled by populist politicians |