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PS Chap 7: Reactions

PS Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions Coach Leach

TermDefinition
chemical reaction A process that rearranges the atoms in one or more substances into one or more new substances.
chemical equation A combination of chemical formulas and symbols that models a chemical reaction.
reactant A substance that enters into a chemical reaction.
product A substance that is formed during a chemical reaction.
decomposition reaction A chemical reaction in which a single reactant breaks down into two or more products.
single replacement reaction A chemical reaction in which one element in a compound is replaced by another element; also known as a single displacement reaction.
double replacement reaction A chemical reaction in which two compounds swap cations or anions with each other; also known as a double displacement reaction.
exothermic reaction A chemical reaction that releases more thermal energy than it absorbs.
endothermic reaction A chemical reaction that absorbs more thermal energy than it releases.
coefficient A number placed in front of a chemical formula within a chemical equation that shows how many units of a reactant or product are needed to balance the chemical equation.
mole SI fundamental unit for the quantity of matter in a substance.
molar mass The mass of one mole of a substance.
synthesis reaction A chemical reaction in which two or more reactants combine into a single, more complex product.
combustion An exothermic chemical reaction in which a fuel reacts with oxygen.
oxidation A loss of electrons in a chemical reaction.
reduction A gain of electrons in a chemical reaction.
activation energy The minimum energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur.
law of conservation of energy The law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but only transferred between objects or transformed; also known as the first law of thermodynamics.
collision model The model that states that for a reaction to occur, the reactant particles must collide with each other, with the proper alignment, and with enough energy.
reaction rate The speed of a reaction.
catalyst A substance that helps a reaction happen faster but is not used up in the reaction.
inhibitor A substance that slows the rate of a reaction by reducing the effectiveness of catalysts.
reversible reaction A reaction in which the products can react together to re-form the original reactants.
chemical equilibrium The state that occurs when forward and reverse reactions each happen at the same rate.
Le Chatelier's principle The principle that states that a chemical system in equilibrium will adjust its equilibrium position in such a way as to reduce the effect of any changes made to the system.
Created by: CoachLeach
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