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Chapter 14: Pharm
Chapter 14: Inventory Management
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is inventory? | A list of goods or items a business uses in its normal operations. |
| What is a formulary? | A list of medications approved for use. |
| What is a closed formulary? | A limited list of approved medications. |
| What is a open formulary? | A system that allows a pharmacy to use any prescribed medication. |
| What is perpetual inventory? | A system that maintains a continuous record of every item in inventory so that it always shows the current amount of stock on hand. |
| What are reorder points? | Minimum and maximum stock levels that determine when a reorder is placed and for how much. |
| What is therapeutic equivalent? | Pharmaceutical equivalents that produce the same effects in patients. Chemically different but produce similar actions and effects. |
| What is turnover? | The rate is the number of days it takes to use the complete stock of an item. |
| What is an integral part of a technician's job responsibility? | Inventory management |
| What is initial inventory? | An accurate inventory of all controlled substances taken before opening a new pharmacy or when there is a change in the pharmacist in charge. |
| What is biennial inventory? | An inventory required by the DEA of all controlled substnces every 2 years. |
| Which type of formularies are generally used as cost savings tool, in which less expensive substitutes are stocked? | Closed formularies |
| What medications may be stored, labeled, or marked separately to prevent mix-ups? | Look-alike and sound-alike drugs |
| What is the general rule of the stock ? | A general rule is that 20% of the stock will account for 80% of the orders or prescriptions. |
| What do pharmacies do in order to keep inventory dollars low? | Pharmacies keep 1-2 week supply of fast moving drugs and a month's supply of slower moving drugs. |
| Besides monitoring stock at hand. what else is important to monitor? | Monitor the market availability of medications. |
| What does a pharmaceutical inventory system do? | Tracks inventory, forecasts needs, and generates reorders to maintain adequate inventory. |
| What is the goal of a good inventory system? | To have the right amount of stock at the right price available at at all times. |
| What happens when there is too many drugs on hand? | Involves unnecessary cost and maintenance and may result in spoilage. |
| What happens when there is too few drugs on hand? | Medications won't be available when needed. |
| What do pharmacies use in order to maintain adequate supply of medications? | Perpetual inventory system, which is important to have with Schedule 2 substances. |
| In order to maintain adequate inventory for their needs, community and institutional pharmacies maintain computer databases of their inventory using what? | Drug reorder points |
| What do computer systems in retail and hospital pharmacy usually do? | Label printing, billing and pricing with insurance, bar codes for med identification, check drug interactions, print med info., provide drug info. , automate filling prescriptions, manage inventory, etc. |
| What is a point-of-sale (POS) system? | An inventory system in which the item is deducted from inventory as it is sold or dispensed. |
| What do automated inventory systems provide? | A continuous picture of the inventory situations through automated reports that allow users to analyze and monitor their inventory in a variety of ways. |
| What are the four types of automated dispensing systems? | Parata Max, Omnicell Automated Dispensing cabinet, Omnicell Carousel, and Talyst Auto Carousel. |
| What is Parata Max? | An automated counting system. It has a unique, bar coded cells that hold different drugs. |
| How does the Parata Max ensure accuracy? | Prompts the technician to scan the bar codes on the stock bottle and the Max cell to ensure drugs are loaded into the correct cells. |
| Where do pharmacies usually buy from? | Usually from wholesalers but sometimes directly from manufacturers or from specialty pharmacies. |
| What are the groups that pharmacies sometimes participate in? | Group purchasing organizations that negotiate contracts to buy in bulk at a discount. |
| What percent of manufacturer's pharmaceutical sales are made directly to drug wholesalers? | 75% |
| What are wholesalers? | Wholesalers are government-licensed and regulated. They stock tens of thousands of items, including everything from disposable razors to life-saving, emergency use drugs. Company that sells goods in large quantities at low prices. |
| What are drop shipments? | Lower-volume, high-cost medications shipped on an as-need basis directly from the manufacturer and billed through the wholesaler. |
| Why is using wholesalers simple? | They offer pharmacies dependable one stop shopping for most of their medication needs. Saves time and effort and money. |
| What is the 340B Drug Pricing Program? | A government plan that limits the cost that safety-net providers pay for covered outpatient drug prescriptions. |
| What are some examples of 340B Drug pricing programs? | Medicaid programs, federally qualified health centers, and qualified hospitals, pay for covered outpatient drugs. |
| What percent of dispensed drugs are covered by 340B ? | 3% of all dispensed drugs |
| What percent does the 340B program save the providers on the cost of pharmaceuticals? | 20-50% |
| What are some reasons drugs are not available from wholesalers? | Due to storage requirements, expense, etc. |
| What type of medications are available in specialty pharmacies? | Medications used to treat chronic complex conditions such as cancer are often costly and available only through specialty pharmacies. |
| What is a compounding pharmacy? | They prepare products from raw ingredients. |
| Why do hospitals sometimes order drugs through compounding pharmacies? | Due to shortages or products that are not manufactured. |
| What are some verifications that compounding pharmacies need to have? | Verify that they meet the FDA's quality assurance (QA) criteria, that they have sufficient liability coverage, and that they are overseen by the FDA. |
| What is a purchase order number? | The number assigned to each order for identification. |
| What could be some reasons an order cannot be completely filled? | Temporary out of stock, back ordered drugs, or the ite may no longer be carried. |
| Most medications are received from suppliers in what type of package? | Bulk stock bottles whose labels have information required by the FDA. |
| What information needs to be included in the bulk stock bottles' labels? | brand name, generic name, prescription legend, storage requirements, dosage form, quantity, controlled substance mark, manufacturer's name, lot number, expired date, and NDC number. |
| What is used to quickly identify a product? | Bar codes |
| What number does the bar code include? | The product's NDC number, which in turn identifies the product and package size. |
| What is an automated dispensing cabinet (ADC) ? | A device that dispenses medications at point-of-use upon confirmation of an order communicated from a centralized computer system. |
| What is a common mistake when an item is sent for an order? | A common mistake is that an item is sent in bulk instead of unit dose ( or reverse). So make sure to check strength and amount each time. |
| What happens when there is broken or damaged stock present? | Should first be brought to the attention of the supplier, so then it would be removed, bagged, or separated to help prevent contamination. |
| If there are any discrepancies, when should the supplier be notified? | Immediately |
| What is the principle for organizing drugs? | FIFO- First In, First Out: The oldest items are dispensed first. |
| What is the room temperature most drugs are kept in? | 59-86 degrees fahrenheit (15-30 in celsius) |
| What should refrigeration temperatures be? | 36-46 degrees fahrenheit (2-8 in celsius) |
| What happens if refrigerated and frozen medications are left out for too long ? | They may break down chemically and/or lose potency, and should be discarded. |
| In hospitals and other settings, medications are stocked throughout the facility in dispensing units called what? | Supply station or med-stations |
| What are some reasons for returning products? | Over shipments, damaged or expired products, or changed needs. |
| What is the information required in order to receive the credit on returns? | Original p.o. number, item number, quantity, reason for return. |
| What are reverse distributors? | These are companies that specialize in returns to the manufacturers of expired and discontinued drugs. |
| What is inventory spoilage? | The time or storage conditions may cause the chemical compounds in medications to break down, resulting in either lost potency or changed function. |
| Which facility usually has a higher rate of outdated medications? | Hospitals, due to the need to treat all the conditions a patient present. |
| What form is used to order and receive Schedule 2 drugs? | DEA Form 222 |
| What schedule drugs can be mixed with other products on storage shelves, which ones cannot? | Sch 3,4,5 may be mixed with other products on storage shelves, Sch 2 controlled substances are kept separate. |
| How long should the records of the controlled substances be kept on hand? | two years |
| What does it mean when high-cost medications are on consignment? | It means the pharmacy does not pay for them until the patient purchases them. |
| What is radio-frequency identification? | A wireless technology that tracks movement from storage and automatically places reorders for these medications. |
| What are some types of durable medical equipment (DME)? (Name 4) | Walkers, wheel chairs, crutches, and bedpans. |
| What are some nondurable equipment? (Name 3) | Syringes, needles, and ostomy supplies. |
| The NIOSH handles and gives guidelines about what? | How to safely and legally handle chemotherapy and other hazardous drugs. |
| What are Safety Data Sheets (SDSs)? | OSHA required notices on hazardous substances that provide hazard, handling, clean-up, and first aid information. |
| What chapter of the USP promotes safe use of hazardous products and promotes patient safety and worker safety in healthcare? | Chapter 800 |
| What is a unit dose package? | A package containing a single dose of a medication. |
| What are some forms of unit dose packaging? (Name 4) | Plastic packs, vials, tubes, ampules. |
| What does the bubble size unit dose package depend on? | The size of the capsule or tablet in order to make sure the package does not pop open. |
| What color is often light sensitive packaging? | Amber colored or opaque. |
| What information does the unit dose packaging contain? | Name of the drug, its strength, and the expiration date. |
| What are the USP guidelines for expiration dates? | Require using the manufacturer's original expiration date or an expiration date no more than 12 months from the date the medication is repackaged, whichever shorter. |
| What does it mean when something is "30 net days"? | The stock turnover averages less than 30 days, the stock will be sold before the supplier must be paid, which lowers the cost of stock. |
Created by:
imaliha2003
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