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climate
climate test questions
| question | answer |
|---|---|
| light color particles tend to _____ the lower atmosphere while ____ colored particles have a ____ effect. | cool, dark, warming |
| researchers say in the east, us temperatures have _____ due to the pollution whereas world wide temps have _______? | dropped, increased |
| Greenhouse gases include the following: | water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide |
| air pollution can _____ and ____ the rate of global warming. | both slow and increase |
| during the industrial revolution what happened tp the population? | increased drastically |
| what were some of the machines invented during the industrial revolution? | power loom, cotton gin, and steam power engine |
| in the industrial revolution what replaced wood as the primary fuel? why? | coal, It was easier to handle and more abundant. coal was turned into a gas and used as fuel. |
| Industrial revolution Period? | about 1760 to begining of the 1800s. when machines started to be used instead of doing things by hand, |
| Each molecule of _____ has ____ warming potential of molecule of CO2. | methane, 25times |
| Methane (CH4) | 70% of methane emission during the last 275 years are the result of livestock production, rice production, natural gas production, leaky coal mines, and landfills. |
| carbon dioxide (CO2) rising above ______ will likely cause irreversible climate change. | 450 ppm |
| solar energy | enters the earths atmosphere and then is trapped by greenhouse gases |
| without the greenhouse effect the plants would be | a frigid uninhabitable place |
| water vapor (H20) | is responsible for about 66% of the greenhouse effect |
| Nitrous oxide (N20) levels have risen about ____ during the last ____ years? | 20%, 275 years |
| Most increase is due to the use of Nitrogen in _______? | fertilizers |
| each molecule of nitrous oxide has nearly _____ times the warming potential of a ______? | 300 times, molecule of CO2 |
| carbon dioxide (C02) | released during the burning of fossil fuels |
| CO2 tend tp remain in the atmosphere for? | 100 years |
| the us emits 5 times more C02 per person than? | china and 200 times more per person than the poorest countries. |
| since the beginning og the industrial revolution the burning of _____ have occurred._______ C02 in atmosphere. | fossil fuels deforestation and agriculture increasing |
| renewable energy | sources that can be replaced within a human lifetime: wind, trees, solar, hydro, etc..... |
| second law of thermodynamics | it were each step we lose energy |
| Nonrenewable energy | energy that can not be replaced in a human lifetime. like oil, coal, natural gas etc.... |
| what takes large energy to produce? give an example | nonrenewable energy: coal miners used huge power shovels that burn diesel fuel to dig coal. than diesel fuel is used to trasport the coal by train to plant. finally the coal is burned to produce the steel. |
| the barrels of oil used in the US, in one year, would? | circle the earths equator if laid end to end 730 times |
| what are the two most widely used energy resources in the US? | oil and natural gas |
| Types of Energy | Kinetic and Potential Energy |
| Kinetic Energy and example | energy of movement: like riding a bike up hill is energy in, downhill is potential and down hill is energy out |
| potential energy example | stored energy: holding a ball in potential engery and when dropping ball that is changing into kinetic |
| Laws of Thermodynamics | First Law of Thermodynamics and Second Law of Thermodynamics |
| Types of resources | Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy |
| Nonrenewable energy sources currently provide? | 87% of worlds commercial energy and 92% in the US |
| What are the two main factors that determine climate? What being the most Important? | Average temperature and precipitation temperature |
| The time period of climate can be? | over a minimum of 3 decades to 1000s of years |
| factors that affect climate change include | volcanic emissions, shifting tectonic plates, changes in solar input, meteor or astroids, global air and ocean circulation patterns, lager areas of ice reflect incoming solar energy cool the atmosphere, concentrations of gases that makeup the atmosphere |
| the atmosphere experiences prolonged periods of global cooling what are they? | glacial period and interglacial period |
| glacial period | global warming |
| interglacial period | between ice ages |
| How long have we lived in an interglacial period? | past 10,000 years |
| IPCC stands for what? | The intergovernmental panel on climate change. |
| what does the IPCC do? | Establish document past climate changes and project future changes. |
| what was the warmest decade since 1881? | 2000-2009 the first decade in this century |
| between 1906 and 2012 the average global surface temperature has risen by about ______ and over land the average has risen______. | 1.4F 2.5F |
| IPCC Includes more than ______ scientist in more than ________ countries. | 2,500 scientist 130 countries |
| is the process where rock is fractured by pressurized liquid ( usually a mixture of chemicals and sand) | Fracking |
| contains several potentially hazardous chemicals that are used to reduced friction inhibit corrosion and stop bacterial growth. | fracking fluid |
| produces millions of gallons of wastewater that are brought to the surface along with the released natural gas. this mix causes cancer. | fracked well |
| A mixture of gases: methane, hydrocarbons ( propane and butane), and hydrogen sulfide. | Natural gas |
| provides about 28% of energy consumed in the US | Natural gas |
| ______Burns cleaner than oil and coal and emits about _____ Co2 than oil and _____ than coal. | Natural gas 30% less 50% less |
| Natural gas is widely used for what? | cooking, heating, and industrial purposes |
| alternative forms of Energy | Solar, Hydropower, wind, bio, Geothermal |
| what causes melting of the ice and snow? | both warmer air above the ice and warmer water below the ice |
| does the changing in the ice melting effect the weather and climate? | yes, jet stream became slower and sinks father south bring cold air. |
| in the oceans can disrupt ocean currents that move heat around the glob. this tends to lead to warming of iced areas. | melting of ice |
| are melting on mountains which impedes drinking water. | Glaciers |
| glacier National Park provides water for more than ________ people? | 400 million |
| permanently frozen ground in the Artic. is a major reservoir for carbon and methane. if this melts much of this will be released into the atmosphere. | Permafrost |
| solar energy advantages | meet all of the worlds electricity needs, solar cells can be thin like human hair and use sunlight to produce electricity, can be used in almost any type of roofing material, solar cells have no moving parts safe and no pollutants or greenhouse gases |
| solar energy disadvantages | contain toxic materials that have to be recovered in 20 to 25 years, they have been expensive but going down in cost, fossil fuels are used to produce and transport them. |
| Heat stored in soil underground rocks and fluids in the earths mantle it is 10-20 feet below and temp is around 50-60 F year round. | Geothermal energy |
| A fuel made from the sugars of plants such as sugarcane, corn, and switchgrass. most of it is made from Corn. | Ethanol |
| processing all of the corn grown in the US into ethanol would only meet about _______ supply of gas | 30 day |
| A fuel that can be made from Veg. oils. most often it is from soybeans, rapeseeds, sunflowers, and oil palms, problem because land is being cleaned to plants these. | Biodiesel |
| consists of plant materials ( wood and agricultural wastes) that can burn driectly as a solid fuel or convert into a gaseous or liquid biofuel. form of solar energy | biomass |
| biomass advantages | widely available, medium net energy yield, CO2 increase if harvested burned and replanted |
| biomass disadvantages | contributes to deforestation, coil erosion, water pollution, and loss of habitat |
| is any technology that uses the kinetic energy of flowing and falling water to produce electricity. | hydropower energy |
| a ______ is the most common approach to harvesting energy from water. but what are two other ways used to produce energy? | dam, waves and tides |
| Norway get _____ of its energy from hydropower | 99% |
| Hydropower energy advantages | high net yield of energy, low emissions of CO2 |
| hydropower disadvantages | land disturbance and displacement of people, high methane from rapid biomass in tropical reservoirs, |
| wind advantages | high net energy yield, little to no emissions of CO2, easy to build and expand |
| wind disadvantages | need backup or storage system, ugly to look at, noise, can kill birds |
| A solid fossil fuel formed from the remains of land plants that were buried 300-400 million years ago and exposed to intense heat and pressure over millions of years. | Coal |
| excluded the fracking process from certain regulations under the fedral safe drinking water act. | energy policy act |
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