Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
CNS
Pharmacollogy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Narcolepsy | Falling asleep during normal talking |
| Narcolepsy treatment | Methylphenidate, modafinil |
| CNS stimulants | Amphetamines, analeptics, caffeine, anorexiants. |
| Amphetamine | Cause euphoria, increased alertness, can cause xerostomia, insomnia, restlessness, tremors, irritability, weight loss. |
| ADHD treatment | MethylphenIDADE, DexmethylohenIDATE |
| Methylphenidade (Ritalin) | ADHD, Fatigue, narcolepsy |
| Methylphenidade (Ritalin) Interactions | caffeine increase effect, decreased the effects of decongestants, alter insulin effects. |
| Methylphenidade (Ritalin) SIDE EFFECTS | - achycardia, palpitations, dizziness, hypertension - sleepless, restlessness, nervousness, tremors, irritability - increased hyperactivity - anorexia, dry mouth, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss - trombocytopenia. |
| INTERVENTIONS Ritalin | nursing: before breakfast and lunch, report irregular heart beat, record height, weight, growth. avoid alcohol. caffein, sugarless gum, do not stop abruptly |
| Anorexiants | - Benzphetamine HCL - Diethylpropion - Phentermine - PHENDIMETRAZINE - Lorcaserin SE: Nervousness, restlessness, irritabilitty, insomnia, heart palpitations, hypertension |
| Respiratory CNS Stimulants Doxapram | Uses: respiratory depression caused by overdose, anesthetic respiratory depression, and COPD 20 to 40 seconds, peak within 2 min, IV. SIDE EFFECTS; Hypertension, tachycardia, trembling, convulsions. Increase BP. |
| Insomnia treatment | Sedative-hypnotics. but NONPHARMACOLOGIC management first. - no daytime naps - warm fluids to drink - caffeine avoided 6hr before bedtime - heavy meals and exercise avoided before bedtime - warm bath, reading, listening to music. |
| Insomnia OTC | melatonin, camomile tea - Sominex, Tylenol PM - Diaphenhydramine (Benadryl) |
| Insomnia hypnotics | - Barbiturates - Benzodiazepines (xanax - pt get dependent) - Nonbenzodiazepines |
| BARBITURATES - Long Acting | -phenobarbital and Mephobarbital |
| BARBITURATES - Intermediate - acting | - Butabarbital (takes 1 hour for effects) |
| BARBITURATES - Short - acting | - Secobarbital and Penobarbital |
| BARBITURATES - Ultrashort-acting | - Thiopental Sodium Restricted to short-term use (2 weeks or less) because of side effects, including drug tolerance. Interactions: alcohol, opioids, other sedative- hypnotics |
| Benzodiazepines | Fluraze am Alprazolam, Temazepam, Triazolam, Estazolam, Quazepam, For anxiety: Lorazepam and Diazepam. |
| Benzodiazepines ACTION | Action: interacts with neurotransmitter GABA to reduce neuron excitabillity |
| Nonbenzodiazepines 1 | Zolpidem Neurotransmitter inhibition - duration 6-8hr - short-term less than 10 days insomnia |
| Nonbenzodiazepines 2 | Ramelteon Targets melatonin receptors to regulate circadian rhythm - First FDA-approved NON controlled hypnotic (also for anxiety) - Adverse effects: drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, headache, nausea, suicidal ideation. |
| Balanced anesthesia may include: | - A hypnotic given the night before - Premedication with an opioid analgesic - muscle relaxant given as needed - an inhaled gas - short acting barbiturate such as thiopental sodium (Pentothal) |
| Inhalation Anesthetics | - Methoxyflurane - Enflurane - Isoflurane - Desflurane - Sevoflurane Usually combined with a barbiturate, a strong analgesic and a muscle relaxant |
| Inhalation Anesthetics ADVERSE EFFECTS | Adverse effects: respiratory depression, hypotension, dysrhythmias, hepatic dysfunction: Malignant hyperthermia. Often seen in OR, one of the main concern is the temp to not go up. |
| Intravenous anesthetics. | - Droperidol - Etomidate - Ketamine - Hydrochloride Rapid onsets and short durations of action |
| Midazolam and propofol | - induction and maintenance of anesthesia or conscious sedation for minor surgery or procedures like mechanical ventilation or intubation. - patients are sedated and relaxed but responsive to commands |
| Anesthesic ADVERSE EFFECTS | Adverse effects: respiratory and cardiac depression |
| Local Anesthetics | - Lidocaine - Procaine HCL - Bupivacaine Block pain at the site where the drug is administered, consciousness is maintained. |
| Spinal Anesthesia | Local anesthetic injected in the subarachnoid space at the thirds or fourth lumbar space. side effects: respiratory distress, headache, hypotension. |
| Parkinsonism | Imbalance of the neurotransmitter dopamine (causes tremors, it controls movement in the brain)(DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) (usually patient with alzimers have a decrease) Because of the decrease of dopamine. Reason unknown. |
| PARKINSONISM characteristc | - Tremors of head and neck - Rigidity (increased muscle tone) - Bradykinesia (slow movements) - Postural Changes (head and chest thrown forward) - Shuffling walk - Lack of facial expression - Pill-rolling motion of hands. |
| Parkinsonism Treatment | Anticholinergics Dopaminergic MAO-B inhibitors COMT inhibitors |
| Anticholinergics | block cholinergic receptors |
| Dopaminergic | convert to dopamine |
| Dopamine agonists | Stimulate dopamine receptors |
| MAO-B inhibitors | inhibit MAO-B enzyme that interfere with dopamine |
| Anticholinergics types action | - Benztropine - Trihexypjenidyl HCl - Biperiden Action: inhibit release of acetylcholine Reduce the rigidity and some of the tremors characteristic of parkinsosim Used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism, or pseudoparkinsonism. |
| Dopaminergic's: Carbidopa-levodopa | ncreases dopamine level, relieves tremors and rigidity, increases mobility. Side effects: - Fatigue, insomnia - dry mouth - urinary retention - blurred vision - Orthostatic hypotension - palpitations, dysrhythmias, - nausea. vomiting |
| Dopaminergic's: Carbidopa-levodopa contraindicated | - Dyskinesia, psychosis, severe depression. - Life threatening: Agranulocytosis, Thrombocytopenia. Contraindicated: - Narrow angle glaucoma, severe cardiac, renal or hepatic disease, skin lesions. |
| Dopaminergic's: Carbidopa-levodopa Drug interaction | - decrease levodopa effect with - Anticholinergics, phenytoin, tricyclic antidepressants, MAO inhibitors, benzodiazepines, vit B6 |
| Alzheimer's disease | Symptoms: - Memory loss - confusion - inability to communicate - aggressive behavior - depression - psychoses Confabulation, tendency to wander, inability to express oneself, and later hostility, paranoia |
| Anomia | inability to remember things |
| Apraxia | misuse of objects because of failure to identify them |
| Agnosia | inability to recognize familiar objects, tastes, sounds, other sensations |
| Aphasia | inability to express oneselg through speech |
| Amnesia | who I am? |
| Alzheimer's medications | - Rivastigmine - Donepezil - Tacrine - Galantamine |
| Alzheimes cure? | Medication for alzheimer's do not cure the disease, only help to delay the symptoms of the disease. to help a person with Alzheimer's, they need a familiar environment: same place, same objects. |
| Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Rivastigmine | Improves cognitive function for patient with Alzheimers disease. - Increases the amount of ACh at the cholinergic synapses - slows the disease process - Fewer drugs interactions that donepezil and tacrine. |
| Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Rivastigmine SIDE EFFECTS | Nausea vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, GI bleeding, seizures, bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, cataracts, myocardial infarction, heart failure. Anticholinergic: dry mouth, dizziness, dehydration. |
Created by:
3978285515550531
Popular Pharmacology sets