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Intro to Radiology
Bellevue College Ratec 107 Intro
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Image Receptor | Device that receives energy of the x-ray beam and forms the image of the body part. |
| Cassette with film | Device that contains screens and film |
| Image plate | Device that contains a special phosphorus that stores the x-ray image |
| Fluoroscopic screen | X-rays strike a fluoroscopic screen, where the image is formed |
| Mid sagittal plane | Middle plane separating left and right |
| sagittal plane | plane separating left and right |
| midcoronal plane | middle plane separating anterior and posterior |
| coronal plane | plane separating anterior and posterior |
| horizontal, transverse, axial plane | plane separating superior and posterior |
| Oblique plane | planes across the body at an angle |
| interiliac plane | plane across the iliac crests of the pelvis |
| occlusal plane | plane from the back, base of the skull to between the teeth |
| Hypersthenic | larger patient, shorter lungs, wider shoulders |
| sthenic | average patient, normal sized lungs |
| hyposthenic | slender patient longer lungs, narrower shoulders |
| asthenic | extremely slender patient, really long lungs, lower diaphragm, narrow shoulders. |
| axial skeleton | Main portion of the skeleton, used for support and protection, head, spine, torso |
| appendicular skeleton | Peripheral portions of the skeleton, used for movement, legs, arms, shoulders. |
| periosteum | outer covering of the bone |
| articular cartilage | ends of the bone |
| cortex | compact bone that is the outer layer of the bone |
| spongy | lattice like structure, trabeculated, inner layer of bone |
| diaphysis | shaft of the long bone |
| epiphysis | end of the long bone, epiphysial plate separates the epiphysis and diaphysis |
| medullary cavity | inner cavity of the bone that contains bone marrow |
| endosteum | lining of the medullary cavity |
| long bone | femur, humerus |
| short bone | carpals, tarsals |
| flat bone | skull, sternum |
| irregular bone | vertebrae |
| sesamoid bone | patella |
| Fibrous syndesmosis | United by sheets of fibrous tissue |
| Fibrous suture | interlocking bones held tightly together |
| Fibrous Gomphosis | teeth held by fibrous periodontal ligaments |
| Cartilaginous Symphysis | bones separated by pad of fibrocartilage |
| Cartilaginous Synchondrosis | rigid cartilage that unites two bones |
| Synovial Gliding | Surface of bones is flat or slightly curved allowing bones to slide against one another |
| Synovial Hinge | Articular surface of one bone is convex while surface of other bone is concave |
| Synovial Pivot | rounded surface of bone rotates in concave surface of another bone |
| Synovial Ellipsoid | gently rounded surface of one bone articulates with slight cavity of another bone |
| Synovial Ball and Socket | Ball-shaped head of one bone fits in cup-shaped socket |
| condyle | round, knuckle like process |
| coracoid/coronoid process | beaklike process |
| crest | prominent ridge |
| epicondyle | prominence above a condyle |
| head | rounded ball like structure |
| protuberance | bony projections, spine or sharp process |
| styloid | long pointed process |
| trochanter | very large process, only found on the femur |
| tubercle | small rounded process |
| tuberosity | large rounded process |
| depressions | Opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bone, or passageways for blood vessels and nerves |
| foramen | round passages for blood vessels |
| fossa | shallow depression |
| anterior/ ventral | front part of the body |
| posterior/ dorsal | back part of the body, and superior surface of the foot |
| caudad/caudal | parts away from the head, towards the feet |
| cephalad/cephalic | parts toward the head |
| superior | nearer the head of, situated above |
| inferior | nearer the feet of, situated below |
| central | mid-area or main part of an organ |
| peripheral | parts at or near the surface, edge or outside |
| medial | parts toward the median plane of the body or part |
| lateral | parts away from the median plane of the body or part |
| superficial | parts near the skin or surface |
| deep | parts far down or far from the surface |
| distal | parts that are farthest from the point of origin |
| proximal | parts closest to the point of origin |
| external | parts outside of an organ or on the outside of the body |
| internal | parts within or on the inside of an organ |
| parietal | wall or lining of a body cavity |
| visceral | covering of an organ |
| ipsilateral | part on the same side of the body |
| contralateral | part on the opposite side of the body |
| palmar | palm of the hand |
| plantar | sole of the foot |
| dorsum | top or anterior surface of the foot or back or posterior surface of the hand |
| projection | direction in which the x-ray beam travels |
| position | actual position of the body described by the body surface and side closest to the film |
| view | body part as seen by the image receptor, opposite of projection |
| method | procedures named after individuals who developed them |
| AP projection | CR enters anterior body surface and exits posterior body surface |
| PA projection | CR enters posterior body surface and exits anterior body surface |
| Axial projection | longitudinal angulation of the CR with the long axis of the body |
| Tangential projections | CR directed toward the outer margin of a curved body surface to profile a body part and project is free of superimposition |
| Lateral projection | CR enters the lateral aspect of the body or part and exits on the other side |
| oblique projection | CR enters the body or part from a side angle |
| complex projection | defined by entrance and exit points and by CR relationship to the body at the same time |
| upright | standing |
| seated | upper torso is upright, but seated on a chair or stool |
| recumbent | laying down |
| supine | laying down on back |
| prone | laying down on front |
| Trendelenburg's | laying down with the head lower than the feet |
| Fowler's | laying down with the head higher than the feet |
| Sim's dorsal recumbent | laying down on the lateral side, one knee bent, the other braced |
| lithotomy | laying down with both hips flexed and knees bent |
| lateral position | named according to the side of the patient that is closest to the image receptor |
| oblique position | body part is rotated with right anterior closes to the IR |
| RAO position | patient rotated with right anterior closest to the IR |
| RPO position | patient rotated with right posterior closest to the IR |
| LAO position | patient rotated with left anterior closest to the IR |
| LPO position | patient rotated with left posterior closest to the IR |
| Decubitus position | patient is lying down and the CR is horizontal or parallel to the floor |
| right lateral decubitus | patient is lying on right side and CR enters anterior or posterior side |
| left lateral decubitus | patient is lying on left side and CR enters anterior or posterior side |
| dorsal decubitus | patient is lying on back and CR enters right or left side |
| ventral decubitus | patient is lying on abdomen and CR enters right or left side |
| lordotic position | having patient lean backward while in the upright body position so that only the shoulders are in contact with the IR |
| abduction | movement away from the midline |
| adduction | movement towards the midline |
| extension | movement that increases the angle between two body parts |
| flexion | movement that decreases the angle between two body parts |
| hyperextension | abnormal or excessive extension of a joint beyond its normal range |
| hyperflexion | abnormal or excessive flexion of a joint beyond its normal range |
| eversion | movement of the sole away from the median plane |
| inversion | movement of the sole towards the median plane |
| pronate | rotation of the hand so that the palm faces backwards or downwards |
| supinate | rotation of the hand so that the palm faces forward or up |
| rotate | where something like a bone or a whole limb moves around a single long axis |
| circumduction | circular movement of a limb |
| tilt | describes angulation of the body part involving the skull |
| deviation | a turning away from the standard or course |
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