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HMN ANAT Muscles

Muscles study stack

TermDefinition
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Needed for energy for muscle contraction.
ATP is produced by... Mitochondria
ATP is short-lived and unstable, it degenerates to the more stable.... ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
It is necessary for muscles to constantly produce ATP but they an store another high energy molecule.... Creatine phosphate
Anaerobic respiration Without oxygen
Aerobic respiration With oxygen (more efficient)
Increased respiration provides the oxygen to pay back to the... Oxygen debt
Muscle Fatigue When ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced.
Isometric Contractions Length of the muscle does not change but the tension increases during the contraction process. (Equal Distance)
Isotonic Contractions The amount of tension stays the same, but the length of the muscle changes. (Equal Tension)
Muscle Tone The constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time. Keeps head up and back straight.
Fast-twitch fibers Contract quickly and fatigue quickly. Well adapted for anaerobic metabolism. EX: White meat of a chickens breast.
Slow-twitch fibers. contracts more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue. They are better suited for aerobic metabolism. EX: Dark meat of a ducks breast or the legs of a chicken.
Contractility The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force.
Excitability The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus.
Extensibility The ability to be stretched.
Elasticity Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they've been stretched.
Each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called... Epimysium
Fascia Another connective tissue located outside epimysium. It surrounds and separates muscles.
A muscle that s composed of numerous single muscle cells called... Fibers
Each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the... Endomysium
The cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with.....a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other. Myofibrils
Actin Myofilaments Thin myofilaments, resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together.
Myosin Myofilaments Thick myofilaments, resemble bundles of minute golf clubs.
Actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called....Which are joined end to end to form the myofibril. Sarcomeres.
The basic structural and functional unity of the muscle. Sarcomeres.
Each sarcomere extends from one....to another.... Z-line.
The arrangement of actin and myosin give a .... look. Banded.
The A band extends the length of the... Myosin.
The outside of most cell membranes is...charged positively.
The inside of most cell membranes are....charged. negatively.
Charge differences across the membrane is called... Resting membrane potential.
When a muscle cell is stimulated the membrane characteristics... Change briefly.
The brief reversal back to the charge is called... Action potential.
Motor neurons Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers.
Axons enter the muscle and... Branch.
Each branch that connects to the muscle forms a... Neuromuscular junction or synapse.
A singe motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates are called... Motor units.
Presynaptic terminal The enlarged nerve terminal.
The space between presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is the... Synaptic cleft.
The muscle fiber of the synaptic terminal is the.. Postsynaptic terminal.
Each presynaptic terminal contains... Synaptic vesicles.
Synaptic vesicles secrete a neurotransmitter called.... Acetylcholine.
Muscle-twitch a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus.
A muscle fiber will not respond to a stimulus until it reached a level called... Threshold.
This phenomenon is called the.. All or none response.
The time between the application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is the... Lag phase.
the time of contraction is the... Contraction phase.
The time during which the muscle relaxes is the. Relaxation phase.
Tetany The muscle remains contracted without relaxing.
The increase in number of motor units being activated is called... Recruitment.
Origin (Head) The most stationary end of the muscle.
Insertion End of the that undergoes the most movement.
Belly Portion of the muscle that is between the origin and the insertion
Muscles that work together to preform a movement. Synergists
Muscles that work in opposition to one another... Antagonists
In a group of synergists, the muscle that plays the biggest roll in movement is the... Prime mover
Occipitofrontalis Raise the eyebrows
Obricularis oculi closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet" wrinkles in the skin and lateral corners of the eye.
Orbicularis oris Puckers the lips
Buccinator Flattens cheeks (Trumpeter's muscle)
Zygomaticus Smiling muscle
Levator labii superioris sneering
Depressor anguli oris frowning
Mastication chewing (4 pairs of muscles, 2 pterygoids, temporals, and masseter)
Sternocleidomastoid lateral neck muscle and prime mover, rotates and abducts the head.
Erector spinae group of muscles on each side of the back. responsible for keeping back straight and erected.
Thoracic muscles moves the thorax, involved in breathing
Abdominal wall muscles flex and rotate the vertebral column, compress the abdominal cavity, and hold in the abdominal viscera.
tendinous area of the abdominal wall called the... Linea alba
Trapezius Rotates scapula
Serratus anterior pulls scapula anteriorly
Pectoralis major adducts and flexes the arm
latissimus dorsi medially rotates and adducts, and powerfully extends the arm.
Deltoid attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb.
Created by: Ashes4242
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