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Pituitary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| irregular shaped bone; looks like bat wings; creates floor of cranial cavity | sphenoid bone |
| inferior to the sella turcica | sphenoid sinus |
| bony depression that contains the pituitary gland | sella turcica |
| help anchor the pituitary gland within the sella turcica | anterior clinoid/posterior clinoid |
| posterior to sella; contains the posterior clinoid | dorsum sellae |
| slanted area of bone posterior & inferior to the dorsum sellae | clivus |
| upper part of clivus is what? | sphenoid bone |
| lower part of the clivus is what? | occipital bone |
| master gland | pituitary (hypophysis) |
| what does the pituitary do? | secretes hormones regulating homeostasis (growth, BP, pregnancy/childbirth, breast milk production, sex organ function) |
| males develop breasts when a pituitary tumor is present | gynecomastia |
| decrease or a failure to produce hormones from the sex glands (ovaries/testes) | hypogonadism |
| anterior lobe of pituitary; constitutes for 80% | adenohypophysis |
| posterior lobe; bright on T1 images due to presence of phospholipids | neurohypophysis |
| uterine contractions & lactation (uterus & mammary glands) | oxytocin |
| water retention & increased blood pressure (kidneys & arterioles) | vasopressin/antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
| infundibulum | pituitary stalk |
| T structure on coronal image | Optic Chiasm |
| S structure on sagittal image | infundibulum |
| what planes are imaged on a CT pituitary | axial & coronal (can be reconstructed into sagittal) |
| what mm slice thickness is used? | 1-2 mm |
| what is the axial slices parallel to in a CT? | OML |
| coronal slices are perpendicular to what for a CT? | OML |
| What planes are imaged for MR? | coronal & sagittal |
| larger than 10 mm | macroadenoma |
| what does a macroadenoma do? | eats away at the sella turcica & may cause visual disturbances |
| anything less than 10 mm | microadenoma |
| most common microadenoma? | prolactinoma |
| pituitary gland is shrunk or flattened by CSF, which makes it appear absent or the sella empty | empty sella syndrome |
| occurs when the arachnoid layer covering the outside of the brain bulges down into the sella & presses on the pituitary | primary empty sella syndrome |
| occurs when the sella is empty because the pituitary gland has been damaged by a tumor | secondary empty sella syndrome |
Created by:
gnteumac
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