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Attention
Cognitive Psych Attention, Preception and CBT
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Visual System | receive sensory information through various sensory modalities |
| Vision Dominant Sense | Big Area in the brain devoted to vision |
| Cause of Visual Perception | light produced hits front surface of the eyeball which passes through the cornea and lens then hits the Retina |
| The Retina | light sensitive tissue that lines the back of the eyeball |
| Cornea and Lens | focus incoming light so a sharpe image hits the retina |
| 2 types of Photoreceptors | specialized neural cells that respond directly to incoming light - rods and cones |
| Rods | sensitive to very low levels of light and key for moving around in dim lighting (color blind) |
| Cones | less sensitive but requires more light to function but sensitive to color difference |
| Acuity | cones have the ability to see fine details |
| Lateral inhibition | capacity of excited neurons to reduce the activity of their neighbors |
| Optic nerve | nerve tract that leaves the eyeball and carries info to various sites in the brain |
| Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) | info is sent to the LGN in the Thalamus which is then transmitted to the occipital lob |
| Single Cell Recording | investigators can record moment by moment the pattern of electrical changes within a single neuron |
| Receptive Field | the size and shape of the area in the visual world to which that cell response |
| Types of receptive fields | center-surround cells orientation-specific visual field particular to size of angle corners and notches movement detectors |
| Parallel processing in the visual system strategy | divide and conquer |
| Area V1 | site in occipital lobe where info from LGN center the cortex |
| Neurons in the Area MT | acutely sensitive to direction and speed of movement |
| Parallel Processing | a system in which many different steps are going on simultaneously |
| serial processing | steps are carried out one at a time |
| Advantages of parallel processing | speed and possibility of mutual influence among multiple systems |
| P Cells | provide main input for the LGN's parvocellular cells and appear to be specialized for spatial analysis and the detailed analysis of form |
| M Cells | provide input for LGN Magnocellular cells and are specialized for the detection of motion and perception of depth |
| The What System | key role in identification of visual objects |
| The Where System | guides your actions based on your perception of where the object is in space |
| Blinding problem | task of reuniting the various elements of a scene, elements that are initially addressed by a different system in different parts of the brain |
| Spatial position | part of the brain registering the cup's shape is separate form the parts registering its color or motion |
| Importance of Spatial Position | important for solving blinding problem and brain uses special rhythms to identify which sensory elements belong with which |
| Neural Synchrony | if the neurons detecting a vertical line are firing with those signaling movement then these attributes are registered as belonging to the same object |
| Conjunction Errors | likely to correctly detect the features present in visual display but make mistakes about how the features are bound together |
| Severe Attention Deficit | caused by the brain damage in the parietal cortex impairing tasks that require judgement of how features are conjoined to form complex objects |
| Gestalt Psychology | perception of the visual world is organized in ways that stimulus input is not |
| Necker Cube | example of reversible image |
| Figure/ground organization | the determinization of what is figure and what is the ground |
| The 5 principles of Gestalt | similarity, proximity, good continuation, closure, simplicity |
| good continuation | tend to see a continuous of a line |
| organization and features | 1 - collect info about the stimulus so you know the visual features 2 - gather the raw data and interpret the info 3 - perception |
| Percepual constancy | the fact that we perceive the constant properties of objects |
| size constancy | correctly perceive the sizes of objects despite changes in retinal-image size created by distance |
| shape constancy | correctly perceive the shape despite changes in retinal images created by shifts in angels |
| brightness constanct | correctly perceive the brightness of objects whether light out or dim |
| unconscious inference | we don't run conscious calculation when we perceive object's size but we are calculating |
| two table tops | look different in shape and size but identical |
| monster illusion | appear to be different sizes |
| contrast effect | the central square in this figure is surrounded by dark squares and contrast makes the central square look brighter |
| distances cues | features of the stimulus that indicate an object's position |
| binocular disparity | difference between the two eyes' view |
| monocular distance cues | perceive depth with one eye closed |
| pictorial cues | impression of depth on a flat surface |
| interposition | the blocking of your view of one object by some other object |
| linear perspective | parallel lines seem to converge as they get farther from the viewer |
| motion parallax | the projected images of nearby objects more more than those in the distant |
| optic flow | the pattern of stimulation across the entire visual field changes as you more forward |
| Educated eye | police focus on what will matter for investigation and experience helps you see certain combinations that are important |
| D.F. Lesions | area in lateral occipital complex that is activated when healthy people recognize objects |
| apperceptive agnosia | can see but can't recognize the elements they see in order to perceive the entire object |
| Bottom up processing | recognition driven influenced by the stimulus |
| top down processing | relying on your knowledge or concept driven processing |
Created by:
mdungan
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