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1st Year Meds
Indications, onset, duration, peak effects, duration, contras, adverse ect
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Indications for adrenaline | cardiac arrest severe asthma cardiogenic shock anaphylaxis severe allergic reaction refractory airway disease croup |
| Onset for adrenaline | <2 min |
| peak effects for adrenaline | 2-5 min |
| duration of adrenaline | 5-10 min |
| Contras for adrenaline | none , but epipen must not be used in treatment of asthma |
| adverse effects of adrenaline | heart palpatations anxiety tremors headache dizziness nausea vomiting tachycardia arryhythmias increased myocardial oxygen demand |
| What route is adrenaline administered | IM (both needle and epipen) |
| What is the dose of adrenaline | 0.3mg (epipen) 0.5 mg (syringe) |
| How long until adrenaline can be repeated | After 5 min |
| Indications for aspirin | Chest pain suspected AMI (acute myocardial infarction) |
| onset of aspirin | 2-10 min |
| peak effects of aspirin | 3-6 hrs |
| duration of aspirin | up to 24 hrs |
| contras for aspirin | hypersensitivity to salicylates/aspirin active bleeding children less than 12 yrs suspected bleeding tendency |
| adverse effects for aspirin | heartburn gastritis nausea vomiting wheezing allergic reaction |
| route administered for aspirin | PO |
| dose for aspirin | 300 mg or 1 tablet |
| Indications for cophenylcaine | Mild to moderate epistaxis and oral haemorrhage local pain (abrasions |
| Onset for cophenylcaine | 1-5 min |
| Peak effects for cophenylcaine | 10 min |
| Duration for cophenylcaine | 20-30 min |
| Contras for cophenylcaine | Hypersensitivity to phenylephrine/lignocaiane/amide/other anaesthetics pregnancy children less than 2 yrs |
| Adverse effects of cophenylcaine | Unpleasant taste |
| Precautions for cophenylcaine | Reduce dose in smaller children |
| Dosage for cophenylcaine | 1 spray (5mg) |
| What route is cophenylcaine administered | Topically IN PO |
| How long until cophenylcaine can be repeated | 1-2 min |
| Precautions for aspirin | Caution during pregnancy |
| Alternate names for aspirin | Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) |
| Precautions for adrenaline | Caution during pregnancy, tachycardias, geriatric patients |
| Indications for glucagon | Hypoglycaemia (BSL <4mmol/L) Beta blocker overdose |
| Onset of glucagon | 5-30 min |
| Peak effects of glucagon | 10-30 min |
| Duration of glucagon | Less than 2 hrs |
| Contras for glucagon | Hypersensitivity to glucagon or lactose Patients w a pheochromocytoma |
| Adverse effects of glucagon | Nausea Vomiting Hypotension Tachycardia |
| Precautions for glucagon | Only beneficial if liver has significant glycogen storage |
| Dosage of glucagon | 1mg |
| What is the first line agent for hypoglycaemia | Glucose gel |
| What route is glucagon administered | IM |
| What is the second line agent for hypoglycaemia | Glucagon |
| Indications for glucose gel | Hypoglycaemia (BSL <4mmol/l) |
| Onset of glucose gel | Less than 15 min |
| Peak effects of glucose gel | Less than 15 min |
| Duration of glucose gel | Variable |
| Contrast for glucose gel | Altered metal status or decreased level of consciousness Paediatric patient under 2 yrs |
| Route glucose gel is administered | PO Buccal |
| How long until glucagon can be repeated | 5 min |
| Can you repeat glucose gel | PRN, taken as needed |
| Dose of glucose gel | 15 grams, 40% of 37.5 tube. |
| Glyceryl trinitrate indications | Chest pain associated W ACS and angina pectoris Pulmonary oedema Cardiogenic APO BP >90mmHg autonomic dysreflexia BP >160mmHg Congestive heart failure (CHF) Hypertension crisis Autonomic dysreflexia (hyperreflexia) |
| Onset of GTN | Less that 2 min |
| Peak effects of GTN | 5-10 min |
| Duration of GTN | 20-30 min |
| Contras for GTN | Hypotension <90mmHg) Shock Symptomatic bradycardia/tachycardia Use of erectile dysfunction meds W/in last 24 hrs hypersensitivity |
| Precautions for GTN | Caution w pt intoxicated or on beta blockers Caution with use in right ventricular myocardial infarctions Can produce hypotension in some patients |
| Adverse effects of GTN | Headache Weakness Dizziness Tachycardia Hypotension Rash Dry mouth Nausea Vomiting |
| How is GTN administered | SL |
| What is the initial dose of GTN | 1 spray (0.4mg) |
| How long until GTN can be repeated | 5 min |
| Conditions for ketamine wafer | 2nd line agent for pain |
| route ketamine wafer is administered | SL |
| dose of ketamine wafer | 50mg |
| How long until ketamine wafer can be repeated | 5 min |
| indications for methoxyflurane | mild to moderate pain |
| route methoxyflurane is administered | IH |
| What is the onset of methoxyflurane | 2-3 min |
| peak effects of methoxyflurane | less than 5 min |
| duration of methoxyflurane | 5-10 min |
| contras for methoxyflurane | Malignant hypothermia Eclampsia/preeclampsia Tetracylin antibiotic use Hyperthermia Liver/renal disease Altered mental status Behavioural disturbances |
| adverse effects of methoxyflurane | altered mental status cough drowsiness hypotension metabolic acidosis |
| precautions for methoxyflurane | high dose etabolism produces nephotoxic and hepatoxic effects |
| Dose of methoxyflurane | 3 ml |
| How long until methoxyflurane can be repeated | 15 min |
| ondansetron indications | nausea vomiting prophylaxis for eye and spinal injuries |
| ondansetron route | SL |
| contras for ondansetron | hypersensitivity to ondansetron or other 5-HT receptor antagonists children <2yrs |
| ondansetron precautions | None |
| adverse effects of ondansetron | hypotension constipation headache tachycardia seizures |
| ondansetron dose | 4mg oral wafer |
| How long until ondansetron can be repeated | 30 min |
| paracetamol indications | mild to moderate pain and fever and headache |
| paracetamol onset | 10-60 min |
| paracetemol peak effects | variable |
| paracetamol duration | 4hrs |
| paracetemol contras | hypersensitivity to paraceltemol previous dose w/in 4 hrs or greater than 2-4 grams in previous 24 hrs respiratory distress |
| paracetamol route | PO |
| paracetamol adverse effects | nausea GI irritation |
| paracetamol precautions | caution required in dehydration and patients w suspected liver or renal disease |
| Paracetamol dose | 1-2 tablets (0.5-1g) |
| How long until paracetamol can be repeated | 4 hrs |
| paracetamol max dose | 4g (8 tablets) in 24 hrs |
| can ondansetron be repeated | Once only |
| can methoxyflurane be repeated | once only |
| ketamine wafer max dose | Max 125 mg (1.5 doses) |
| Can GTN be repeated | yes with no max |
| can glucose gel be repeated | yes as needed |
| can glucagon be repeated | Once only |
| can cophenylcaine be repeated | yes, every 1-2 min |
| can aspirin be repeated | single dose only, no repeats |
| can adrenaline be repeated | yes 5 min |
| How long until aspirin can be repeated | No repeat |
| How long until glucose gel can be repeated | As needed |
| Salbutamol indications | Bronchospasm Adjunct agent in treating hyperkalaemia or preterm labour |
| Salbutamol onset | 2-5 min |
| salbutamol peak effects | variable |
| salbutamol duration | 1-4hrs |
| salbutamol contras | hypersensitivity cardiogenic APO children <12months |
| salbutamol adverse effects | tachycardia palpitations tremors hypokalaemia anxiety nausea vomiting dry mouth hypertension nervousness headache sore throat arrythmias |
| salbutamol precautions | caution required w cardiac patients/patients w limited air movement |
| salbutamol route | NEB MDI |
| Dose of salbutamol NEB | 1 nebule (5mg) |
| Dose of salbutamol MDI | 4 puffs |
| How long until salbutamol NEB can be repeated | repeated as needed |
| how long until salbutamol MDI can be repeated | every 4 min as required |
| Salbutamol NEB max dose | No max |
| Salbutamol MDI max | As needed, no max |
| Ketamine contras | less than 12 yrs |
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