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Ch.18 terms and def
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acromegaly | A condition cause by excessive growth hormone production during adulthood |
| Addison disease | A condition resulting in decreased levels of adrenocortical hormones(eg, mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids), which causes symptoms such as muscle weakness and weight loss |
| Adrenal cortex | A portion of the adrenal gland that secretes steroids, including mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and sex steroids |
| Adrenal medulla | A portions of adrenal gland that synthesizes and secretes the catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine |
| Aldosterone | The principal mineralocorticoid in the body that maintains sodium and excrete potassium |
| Body mass index(BMI) | A measure of body fat based on height and weight of a patient |
| Calcitonin | A thyroid hormone that helps to regulate blood concentrations of calcium and phosphate and promotes the formation of bone |
| Catecholamines | Hormones produces in the brainstem, nervous system, and adrenal glands that help the body respond to stress and prepare the body for the ''fight-or flight'' response; they are important in regulating heart rate, blood pressure, and nervous system function |
| Comorbidity | A concomitant, but not necessarily related, medical condition existing simultaneously with another condition |
| Cretinism | A condition in which the development of the brain and body is inhibited by a congenital lack of thyroid hormone secretion |
| Dwarfism | A condition characterized by a growth hormone deficiency during adolescence, resulting in short stature an decreased organ size |
| Endocrine glands | Glands that produce hormones that enter the bloodstream to reach their target sites near the area of hormone release |
| Endocrinologist | A physician who specializes in treatment of conditions of the endocrine system |
| Exocrine glands | Glands that produce hormones sent to the target organ or tissue via a tube or duct |
| Exophthalmos | Eyeball prominence(protrusion)from the orbit; increased thyroid hormone is a common cause of bilateral presentation |
| Gastroparesis | Delayed gastric emptying |
| Gigantism | A condition of excessive growth hormone production during childhood or adolescence that results in excessive height and body tissue growth |
| Glucometer | A device used to test blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus(DM) |
| Goiter | A condition in which the thyroid gland is enlarged because of a lack of iodine; it can be either a simple goiter or a toxic goiter(ie, resulting from a tumor) |
| Graves disease | A condition caused by thyroid hormone hypersecretion; symptoms include diffuse goiter, exophthalmos, and skin changes |
| Homeostasis | The equilibrium pertaining to the balance of fluid levels, pH level, osmotic pressures, and concentrations of various substances |
| Hormones | Chemicals substances produced and secreted by an endocrine duct into the bloodstream that result in a physiological response at a specific target tissue |
| Hyperglycemia | Elevated concentration of glucose in the blood |
| Hypertension | Elevated blood pressure |
| Hyperthyroidism | Excessive secretion of thyroid hormone |
| Hypocalcemia | Low concentration of calcium in the blood |
| Hypokalemia | Low concentration of potassium in the blood |
| Hypopituitary dwarfism | Short stature due to a deficiency in growth hormone during childhood |
| Insulin resistance | Resistance of body tissues (skeletal muscle and fat) to insulin effects; insulin resistance is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| Myxedema | A condition associated with the decrease in overall adult thyroid function; also known as hypothyroidism |
| Oogenesis | Production or development of an egg |
| Orthostatic hypotension | Low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up |
| Ovulation | Release of an egg from the ovary |
| Pancreas | An endocrine gland that produces both insulin and glucagon |
| Parenteral | A term indicating administration of a substance by a route other than by mouth |
| Peripheral neuropathy | Damage to nerves of the peripheral nervous system |
| Thyroxine (T4) | A thyroid hormone derived from thyroxine (amino acid) that influences the metabolic rate |
| Triiodothyronine (T3) | A thyroid hormone that helps regulate growth and development and controls metabolism and body temperature; it is mainly produced through the metabolism of thyroxine |
| Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) | A form of diabetes mellitus associated with an absolute deficiency of insulin production by the pancreas; people with T1DM require insulin therapy |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) | A form of diabetes mellitus associated with insulin resistance and a relative deficiency of insulin; people with T2DM can be treated with oral therapies, noninsulin injectable medications, and insulin |
| Vasopressin | Another term used for antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
Created by:
jojeli85
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