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Table 2-1
Human Development Chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Table 2-1 | Five Perspectives on Human Development |
| What are the five perspectives on human development? | psychoanalytic, learning, cognitive, contextual, evolutionary/sociobiological |
| What are the 2 psychoanalytic perspectives of development? Who are they by? | Freud’s psychosexual theory AND Erikson’s psychosocial theory |
| What is Freud’s psychosexual theory? | psychoanalytic perspective, behavior is controlled by powerful unconscious urges |
| What is Erikson’s psychosocial theory? | psychoanalytic perspective, personality is influenced by society and develops through a series of crises |
| What are the 2 learning perspectives of development? | behaviorism or traditional learning theory AND social learning theory |
| What is the traditional learning theory? | learning perspective, people are responders, the environment controls behavior |
| What is the social learning theory? | learning perspective, children learn in social context by observing and imitating models, active contributors in learning |
| What are the 3 cognitive perspectives of development? And who are they by? | Piaget’s cognitive-stage theory AND Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory AND information processing theory |
| What is Piaget’s cognitive-stage theory? | cognitive perspective, changes in thought occur between infancy and adolescence, children are active contributors in learning |
| What is Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory? | cognitive perspective, social interaction is central to cognitive development |
| What is the information processing theory? | cognitive perspective, humans are processors of symbols |
| What is the contextual perspective of development? | Brofenbrenner’s bioecological theory |
| What is Brofenbrenner’s bioecological theory? | development occurs through interaction of person and 5 surrounding contextual systems |
| What is the evolutionary/sociobiological perspective of development? | Bowlby’s attachment theory |
| What is Bowlby’s attachment theory? | have adaptive mechanisms to survive, critical/sensitive periods stressed, biological base for behavior important |
| Which perspective used clinical observation technique? | psychoanalytical |
| Which perspective used rigorous scientific (experimental) procedures technique? | learning |
| Which perspective used interviews and research technique? | cognitive |
| Which perspective used naturalistic observation and analysis technique? | contextual |
| Which perspective used naturalistic and laboratory observation technique? | evolutionary/sociobiological |
| Which 3 theories are stage oriented? | Freud’s psychosexual theory, Erikson’s psychosocial, Piaget’s cognitive-stage theory |
| Which 4 theories emphasize reactive individual? | Freud’s psychosexual theory, traditional learning theory, social learning theory, Bowlby’s attachment theory |
| Which 7 theories emphasize active individual? | Erikson’s psychosocial theory, social learning theory, Piaget’s cognitive-stage theory, Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, the information processing theory, Brofenbrenner’s bioecological theory, Bowlby’s attachment theory |
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