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geography unit 2
5 Economic structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the categories of economic activities | Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary Quinary |
| primary economic activities refer to | to those activities that involve the use and / or harvesting of resources directly from the earth |
| primary sector involves | raw materials for further processing |
| primary economic activities rely heavily on | on natural resources such as soils, water and minerals |
| primary activities provide the | raw material for further processing within the secondary sector. |
| primary economic activities include | Agriculture Mining Fishing Hunting forestry |
| the proportion of workers engaged in primary activities is on the decline in | both LDCs and MDCs |
| economic activity | the different way in which goods and services are produced, distributed and exchanged |
| goods and services may be | exchanged for other goods and services (VAT) or paid for with money |
| economists divide the country's | economic structure into various sectors in order to define the proportion of the population engaged in each sector. |
| the physical environment affect agricultural activity because | it supplies the local resources available for use; is the source for raw materials |
| How culture may affect agricultural activity | it may affect your food preferences and agriculture activity, the level of efficiency of the industry; government policy and economic factors, such as a market and demands for goods and services |
| the level of technological development in a country has indications for | the production process |
| government policy may affect | the location and types of economic activity in a country |
| primary activities activities are dependent on | the location of the resources to be exploited |
| There is a heavy dependence on the primary sector in | poorly developed countries with limiting linkages |
| Money earned from the primary sector is less than | what could be earn if these are further processed |
| Products from the primary sector must be | transported to other places for further processing to increase their economic value |
| primary products are usually | the raw materials for secondary activities |
| Secondary Sector involves | the processing of raw material and the manufacture of goods |
| Manufacturing, processing and construction are | all secondary economic activities |
| Secondary economic activities include | The production textiles (production of clothes) Brewing and buttoning (production of drinks) Baking Ship building Metal working and smelting Production motor vehicles Manufacturing chemicals |
| in the secondary sector economic value is | added |
| Raw materials of the secondary sector are | either ‘final products’ or part of a ‘final product’ |
| Tertiary Sector is the | the service industry, it provides services to the general population and to businesses. |
| Activities associated with the Tertiary Sector | Retail and wholesale sales Retail – selling of 1 product Wholesale – selling of products in bulk Entertainment Provision of food Clerical services Tourism Medical and legal services such as: healthcare, law enforcement, transport |
| in the Tertiary Sector People are seen as | a resource |
| Services related activities are given | a high economic value |
| Quaternary Sector describes | a knowledge based part of the economy that involves intellectual and intangible goods such as: E-commerce and Culture |
| e-commerce is the use of | computers, software and the internet to transport businesses |
| The most important location factors in the Quaternary Sector are | the availability of a communication network and a suitable skilled workforce |
| Firms engage in activities on a global scale because of | advances in telecommunication |
| activities in the Quaternary Sector | Government agencies Libraries Scientific research Education Creation of video games Writing Producing fiction films |
| The emergence of Quaternary sector reflects | a highly specialized and developed economy. |
| Quinary Sector involves | the highest levels of decision making in a society or economy. |
| Activities in Quinary Sector sector are often considered | to be a subset of the quaternary sector, however they involve the creation, rearrangement and interpretation of new and old ideas and information as well as innovation of methods in data interpretation |
| Quinary economic activities consists of | high level decision making for large cooperation or high level scientific research |
| activities in the Quinary sector include | Research Financial innovation (money markets) Defense Top officials in governments and universities Aeronautics industry and space research |
| As countries become more industrialized, | the distinctions between quaternary and quinary economic activities tend to be blurred |
| Primary economic activities such as agriculture and mining have traditionally | played a major role in the economic development of all countries. |
| As society is developed and modernized, | people seek to find more efficient and cost effective ways of producing goods and services |
| As goods and service move through the production of primary to tertiary and beyond | high levels of skill are required in their production, and more people seek to obtain employment in these areas. |
| Reasons for changes in the relative importance of sectors in LDCs | -Diversification -high oil prices of the 1970s |
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