click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Geography Key Terms
Chapter 9 East Asia key terms
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Tsunami | A seismic (earthquake-generated) sea wave that can attain gigantic proportions and cause costal devastation. |
Dynasty | A succession of Chinese rulers that came from the same line of male descent, sometimes enduring for centuries. Dynastic rule in China lasted for thousands of years, only coming to an end in 1911. |
Sinicization | Giving a Chinese cultural imprint; Chinese acculturation. See also Hanification. |
Asian Tigers | Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore. |
New Silk Road | China's ongoing ambitious project to forge an overland routeway of high-speed railroads to link East Asia to Europe via Central Asia. |
Regional complementarity (an example in this realm) | Exists when a pair of regions, through an exchange of raw materials and/or finished products, can specifically satisfy each other's demands. |
One nation-two systems | The arrangement under which capitalist Hong Kong functions within the PRC's communist economic system. Widely seen ass a model for the future reunification of Taiwan with mainland China. |
One-child policy | Chinese population control policy initiated in the late 1970s that proscribed (and enforced) a limit of one child per family of most population groups (mainly urban, Han populations). |
High value-added goods | Products of improved net worth. |
Floating population | China's huge mass of mobile workers who respond to shifting employment needs within the country. Most are temporary urban dwellers with restricted residency rights,, whose movements are controlled by the hukou system. |
Hukou system | A long standing Chinese system where by all inhabitants must obtain and carry with them residency permits that indicate where an individual is from and where they may exercise particular rights such as education, health care, housing, and the like. |
Gender imbalance | The demographic imbalance of males outnumbering females resulting from selective birth control. In China, this is an outcome of the One-Child Policy. |
Dependency ratio | An indicator of the pressure on a country's workers, the age-population ratio of (dependent) people who are not in the labor force to those (productive) people who are in the labor force. |
Economic geography | The field of geography that focuses on the diverse ways in which people earn a living and on how the goods and services they produce are expressed and organized spatially. |
Overseas Chinese | The more than 50 million ethnic Chinese who live outside China. About two-thirds live in Southeast Asia, and many have become quite successful. |
Foreign direct investment (FDI) | A key indicator of the success of an emerging market economy, whose growth is accelerated by the infusion of foreign funds to supplement domestic sources of investment capital. |
Buffer state | A country or set of countries separating ideological or political adversaries. In southern Asia, Afghanistan, Nepal, and Bhutan were parts of a buffer zone set up between British and Russian-Chinese imperial spheres. |
State capitalism | Government-controlled corporations something under free-market conditions, usually in a tightly regimented society. |
Conurbation | General term used to identify a large multimetropolitan complex formed by the coalescence of two or more major urban areas. |
Demographic burden | The proportion of a national population that is either too old or too young to be productive and that must be cared for by the productive population. |
Urban systems | A hierarchical network of grouping of urban areas within a finite geographic area, such as a country. |
Technopole | A planned techno-industrial complex (such as California's Silicon Valley) that innovates, promotes, and manufactures the products of the postindustrial information economy. |