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Pharmacology
Prelim
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| It is the study of chemicals-drugs on living tissues and how those chemicals help diagnose,treat, cure, and prevent disease or the correct pathophysiology of living tissues | Pharmacology |
| Pharmacology derived from 2 greek words | Pharmakon - greek word for drugs Logos - greek word for science |
| The drugs most commonly used then were laxatives and emetics to induced vomiting | Middle East and China (2700 BC) |
| Morphine & codeine are extracted from _____ | Opium |
| Initiated the common use of prescription | Galen-Roma physician & writer (131-201 AD) |
| Discovers Penicilin | Alexander Fleming |
| Egyptian (1550 BC) Wrote their empirical observation of drug therapy on what has to be known as______ | Ebers Medical Papyrus |
| Antipsychotic drugs, antihyspertensives, oral contraceptives & the polio vaccine were introduced | 1950's |
| Aspirin was derived from_____ | Salicylic acid |
| Antibiotics,Antihistamine & cortisone were marketed | 1940's |
| Dutch word for DRUGS | "droog" means dry |
| Source of Drugs | Plants, Animals, Minerals, Synthetic Chemical derivatives |
| Are non-woody plants. classified as a dietary supplement not a drug. | Herbal |
| Identifies chemical elements & compounds that are found in the drug | Chemical Name |
| Is the universally accepted name & considered the official / non-proprietary name for the drug | Generic Name |
| Also known as proprietary name | Brand / Trade Name |
| Generic name is the official name of the drug | Generic and Trade name |
| Describes the purpose of the drug & when the drug is to be given to a patient | Clinical uses & Indications |
| Describes how the drug works | mechanism of action |
| Identifies the effects the drugs has other than the therapeutic effect | Adverse & Side effects & toxicity |
| Also called as medical prescription | Drug Orders |
| Parts of legal doctor's order | Name of Patient , Date & Time, Name of drug, Dose of drugs, Route of administration, Time or frequency, Signature of physician |
| Types of Drug Orders | Routine / Standing order One-time order PRN STAT |
| This is a single dose given given at particular time | One-time order |
| This is a single dose order to give at once or immediately | STAT |
| Ongoing order given for a specific number of doses or numbers of days | Routine / Standing order |
| Is an order to give a medication if specific criteria exist, such as h/a, fever, or pain & patients request | PRN |
| 5 Traditional right (Rights of Drug Administration) | Right Patient Right Drug Right Dose Right Time Right Route |
| 5 additional right's essential to professional nursing practice | Right Assessment Right Education Right Documentation Right Evaluation Right to refuse |
| Physiologic interaction between the drug molecule | Drug Action |
| 3 phases of drug action | Pharmaceutic Phase Pharmacokinetic Phase Pharmacodynamics |
| 2 Pharmaceutic Phase | Disintegration Dissolution |
| 1st phase of drug action. This phase occurs after the drug is given & involves disintegration & dissolution of the dosage form | Pharmaceutic Phase |
| Process of the drug movement to achieve drug action | Pharmacokinetic Phase |
| 4 processes of pharmacokinetic | Absorption Distribution Metabolism or biotransormation Excretion or Elimination |
| Is the time it takes the drug to disintegrate & dissolve to become available for the body to absorb it. | Rate Limiting |
| 3 major parts of absorption | Passive Absorption Active Absorption Pinocytosis |
| 2 effects that drug delivers | Primary Effect - desirable Secondary Effect - is a side effect that may not be desirable |
| 3 types of time response / 3 parameters of drug action | Onset Time response / onset of action Peak Time Response / Peak of action Duration of Action |
| A period of time passes after a drug is administered until the pharmaceutical response is realized. | Drugs Time Response |
| When the drug reaches its highest blood or plasma concentration | Peak Time Response / Peak of Action |
| Length of time the drug has a pharmaceutical effect | Duration of action |
| Distribution affected by 3 factors | Level of plasma protein Blood Flow Competing Drugs |
| A drug that causes a physiological response | Agonist |
| A drug that blocks a physiological response | Antagonist |
| Referred to as reactive cellular sites | Receptor Theory |
| A physiologic effect other than the desired effect (predictable/ expected) | Side Effects |
| More severe than side effects (unpredictable/unexpected) | Adverse Reaction |
| 4 types of allergic reaction | Anaphylactic Cytotoxic reaction Immune complex reaction Cell-mediated |
Created by:
Krxtyn_cabs
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