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Cardiovascular Terms
Cardiovascular System Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dysrhythmia (formerly arrhythmia) | An irregular heartbeat resulting from a malfunction of the cardiac conduction system |
| Atrial flutter | A type of abnormal heart rate or arrhythmia when upper chambers beat too fast |
| Atrial fibrillationh | An irregular, often rapid heart rate that commonly causes poor blood flow. The hearts upper chambers (auricles) beat out of coordination with the lower chambers (ventricles). |
| Bradycardia | A heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (BPM) in adults |
| Tachycardia | A heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute (BPM) in adults |
| Congestive heart failure | The pumping ability for the heart is unable to meet the metabolic needs of the body, resulting in the heart pumping less blood than it receives and thus blood accumulates in the chambers of the heart |
| Myocardial infarction (heart attack) | The heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen because of reduced blood supply, and muscle cells die. |
| Angina pectoris | Chest pain experienced because of an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. It is characterized by severe squeezing and pressure-like chest pain. |
| Unstable angina | Sometimes referred to as acute coronary syndrome, it causes unexpected chest pain and usually occurs while resting |
| Prinzmetal's (variant angina) | Occurs when a person is at rest, usually between midnight and morning |
| Hypertension | Systolic pressure (cardiac output) is greater than 140 mm HG and diastolic pressure (total peripheral resistance) is greater than 90 mm HG; the disease soes not have symptoms |
| Stroke | Interruption of oxygen supply to a specific area of the brain caused by rupture or obstruction (clot) of the blood vessel, resulting in loss of consciousness |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | A type of stroke when weakened blood vessels rupture |
| Ischemic stroke | A temporary reduction in oxygen and blood in a portion of the brain |
| Hyperlipidemia | An elevation in one or more of the the lipoprotein levels |
| Atherosclerosis | Build up of fatty materials or plaque, usually cholesterol, in the arterial blood vessels |
| Aneurysm | A balloon-like bulge or dilation of an artery due to weakening of the arterial wall |
| Aldosterone | A steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates the salt and water balance in the body |
| Angina | chest pain due to an inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart muscle |
| Angiotensin II | A peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and a subsequent increase in blood pressure |
| Anticoagulant | An agent used to prevent the formation of blood clots |
| Anticoagulant | An agent used to prevent the formation of blood clots |
| Antihyperlipidemics | A diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia |
| Aorta | The great arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed to tissues of the body |
| Arteriosclerosis | A condition characterized by thickening, loss of elasticity (hardening), and calcification of the arterial walls |
| Artery | A vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues of the body |
| Atherosclerosis | A process of progressive thickening and hardening of the walls of medium-sized and large arteries as a result of fat deposits on their inner lining |
| Atrium | The entry chamber on both sides of the heart |
| Blood pressure | The pressure of the blood within the arteries |
| Capillary | An extremely small vessel that connects the ends of the smallest arteries (arterioles) to the smallest veins (venules), where exchange of nutrients, waste products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide occurs. |
| Cardiac muscle | A type of muscle tissue found only in the heart |
| Cardiac output | the amount of blood, in liters, the heart pumps through the circulatory system in a minute |
| Coagulation | Solidification or change from a flid state to a solid state, as in the formation of a blood clot |
| Coronay artery | Either of 2 arteries that arise from the aorta and supply the tissues of the heart itself |
| Diastole | The period when the heart is in a state of relaxation an dilation |
| Dysrhythmias | Abnormal or irregular heart rhythms |
| Dysrhythmias | Abnormal or irregular heart rhythms |
| Embolus | A clump of material, of a blood clot, that travels from one part of the body to another and obstructs a blood vessel; an embolus can consist of any material, including bacteria or air |
| Endocardium | The outer layer of the heart wall; the inner layer of the pericardium |
| Enzyme | A protein that accelerates a reaction by reducing the amount of energy required to initiate the reaction |
| Epicardium | The outer layer of the heart wall; the inner layer of the pericardium |
| Essential hypertension | The most common form of hypertension; it occurs in the absence of any evident cause |
| Fibrates | An antihyperlipidemic drug class that primarily lowers triglycerides |
Created by:
rpeskin
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