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Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nitroglycerin and Isosorbide Side effects | MIGRAINE Headache, Orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, Tolerance |
| Nitroglycerine and Isosorbide Teaching | Take 1 pill, if chest pain still present after 5 minutes then take another and call 911. Do not exceed 3 tablets Only cut tablet if it is pre scored |
| Digoxin Side effects | GI upset, headache, yellow or blurry vision, cardiac dysrythmias |
| Diuretics Labs | Electrolytes, Uric acid, blood glucose |
| Diuretics Side effects | Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperurecemia Do not give if sulfa allergy or decrease kidney function |
| Beta Blockers Atenolol and Metoprolol Side effects and teaching | Bradycardia, SOB, edema, night cough, rebound excitation (angina or MI) DO NOT TAKE WITH SSRIS OR ANTACIDS |
| Calcium Channel Blocker Nifedipine teaching and side effects | Take with a beta blocker for tachycardia Gingival hyperplasia, Hypotension, edema, facial flushing, lightheadedness |
| ACE inhibitor Captopril teaching and side effects | severe hypotension, dry cough, rash, metallic taste, angioedema, hyperkalemia, neutropenia |
| Insulin Glargine | Long acting, 70 minute onset, no peak, 24 hour duration |
| Insulin Determir | Intermediate, 60-120 minute onset, 12-24 hour peak, 12-24 hour duration |
| NPH Insulin | Intermediate, 60-120 minute onset, 6-14 hour peak, 16-24 hour duration |
| Regular Insulin | Short duration, slow acting, 30-60 minute onset, 1-5 hour peak, 6-10 hour duration |
| Insulin Lispro, Aspart, and Glulisine | Short and Rapid acting, 15-30 minute onset, 30-3hr peak, 3-6 hour duration |
| Psyllium method of action | Bulk forming, Increases water absorption in the intestine Give with 8 oz of water |
| Bisacodyl method of action | Chemical stimulant, Increases GI motility, and decreases Vit. K absorption |
| Docusate Sodium/senna | Lubricant, increases water in the stool, decreasing water absorption in the intestine |
| Nausea- Ondansetron method of action | Blocks the nausea and vomiting receptors in the CTZ and locally |
| Proton Pump Inhibitor Omeprazol | Once a day before breakfast Bone loss, N/V, c-diff, Pneumonia in COPD patients avoid antacids with 1 hour of taking Suppresses secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach |
| Dimenhydrinate Side effects | Sedation and Anticholinergic effects (Dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation) |
| Ketonconazole, what are we monitoring for | Liver toxicity- abd pain, fatigue, jaundice, and anorexia Can stain teeth |
| Sulfonamides Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole side effects and teaching | Drink 3L of water a day Blood cell deficiencies, suprainfection, rash, hyperkalemia, photosensitivity, crystaluria, SORE THROAT |
| Urinary Tract Antiseptics Nitrofurantoin Teaching and side effects | Teeth staining (dilute) Peripheral neuropathy BROWN URINE anemia |
| Cholinergic agonist, cholinesterase inhibitors, beta adrenergic blockers (EYE drops) Timolol teaching | 5 minutes between other eye drops hold pressure for 60 seconds Wash hands before, do not touch dropper Expect lifelong therapy |
| Non-benzo Zolpidem side effects | Sleep driving, amnesia, confusion, double vision, anxiety, HA, daytime drowsy |
| Centrally acting Muscle relaxant Baclofen interactions | ALCOHOL and other CNS depressants |
| Peripherally Acting muscle relaxant Dantrolene side effects | muscle weakness dizzy and drowsy Liver toxicity (abdominal pain and jaundice) |
| Hydantoins Phenytoin teaching | No driving use a soft bristle tooth brush, floss, and massage gums Taper when discontinuing |
| Levodopa/Carbidopa How do I know it's working | Decreased Parkinson's symptoms (Tremors, muscle rigitidy, sleeplessness, shuffling gait, incontinence) |
| Cholinesterase inhibitor- Donepezil side effects and method of action | GI upset, dizzy, HA, bradycardia, insomnia, syncope Blocks acetylcholinestrase at the synaptic cleft, improving message transfer between neurons |
| Serotonin Agonist- Sumatriptan Method of action | Binds to SSR sites to cause vasoconstriction of cranial vessels to help reduce acute headache pains |
| Temazepam side effects | Dizzy, drowsy, sleep walking, paradoxical effects, tolerance and dependence, CNS depression |
| Tricyclic Antidepressant Amitriptyline Method of action | Inhibits norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake |
| MAOI's Phenelzine side effects and interactions | Orthostatic hypotension, anxiety, insomnia, agitation, hypertensive crisis Avoid antihypertensives, chocolate, caffeine, and tyramine foods |
| Lithium lab values and teaching | <1.5 mEq/L initially 0.5-1.0 mEq/L during therapy have labs monitored frequently, especially sodium Consume adequate sodium and 3L of water daily |
| Conventional Antipsychotics Chlorpromazine uses | Schizophrenia, bipolar, intractable hiccups and N/V |
| Atypical antipsychotics Risperidone | Schizophrenia, bipolar, autism irritability |
| Oral Contraceptives Ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone side effects | Thromboembolism, hyperkalemia, hypertension, uterine bleeding, increased breast malignancy growth |
| Magnesium Sulfate side effects | Altered consciousness, depressed DTRs, decrease urine output, headache, blurry vision, dizzy, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, warm, FLUSHED, N/V |
| Anticholenergics oxybutynin chloride side effects | dry mucous membranes, urinary retention, BLURRY VISION |
| NSAIDs aspirin and ibuprofen | GI bleeding and upset, leukopenia, N/V, thrombocytopenia, renal failure, photosensitivity, Reye's syndrome NO alcohol or other anticoagulants Ibuprofen decreases aspirin antiplatelet effects |
| Opioid antagonist What do we use Naloxone for? | Opioid overdose |
| Anticoagulants Heparin, enoxaprin, warfarin lab test and interventions | CBC, platelet, HCT, APTT Stop meds and administer protamine or VIt. K |
| Hydrocortisone | Mimics natural steroid hormones osteoporosis, , fatigue, weakness, weight loss, infection |
| Fludrocortisone | Slows gastric emptying, decreases glucagon release hypoglycemia, nausea, injection site reaction |
| Antimetabolites side effects | Liver toxicity, pulmonary edema, GI upset, bone marrow suppression, stomatitis |
| Opioid analgesics Morphine, butorphanol, pentazocine interventions | Administer nalaxone and have other resuscitation interventions on standby |
| What do we monitor for during TB therapy (isoniazide and rifampin) | Liver toxicity |
| Sulfonylureas Glipizide method of action | Stimulates insulin release from beta cells in the pancreas, enhances glucose in the tissue |
| Meglitinides Repaglinide administration | 30 minutes before meals, 3x/day skip a meal, skip a dose do not exceed 4 doses a day |
| Biguanides Metformin contraindications | Cardiopulmonary, hepatic, or renal insufficiency |
| What is glucagon used for | severe hypoglycemia from Insuline overdose |
| Levothyroxine side effects and interactions | Hyperthyroidism, INSOMNIA Food, iron, calcium, and antacids reduce absorption give in AM |
| Desmopressin side effects | Fluid retention, water intoxication, weight gain, confusion, edema, DROWSY, make sure urine output is increased |
| How can we be sure diuretics are working? | decreased B/P and edema Increase urinary output Monitor daily weight |
| Aminoglycosides- Gentamicin side effects | Ototoxicity, monitor drug serum levels |
| Beclomethasone- inhaler | Rinse mouth after |
| What is the time it takes a drug to enter the bloodstream called? | Absorption |
| Disadvantage of oral vs IV? | Oral dose is lessened by the liver |
| Signs of digoxin toxicity? | Dig level >2.3, visual disturbances, N/V |
| What do you have a deficiency in with depression? | Dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine |
| What increases a childs response to medication? | Weight |
| What decreases the effects of oral contraceptives? | Antibiotics |
| What is a common side effect of warfarin | Epistaxis (Nose bleeds) |
| When do we question giving Propanolol | With hypotension |
| Captopril teaching | Change positions slowly |
| What electrolyte helps with muscle contraction and relaxation? | calcium |
| Leukemia and chemotherapy big side effect | Massive cell destruction |
| How do I know my client understands how to draw up regular and NPH insulins in the same syringe? | Clear to cloudy. They draw up regular first and then NPH |
| Dyphenhydromine side effect | DRY MOUTH |
| How do we reverse the effects of Heparin? | Protomine |
| Furosemide given when? | Potassium is greater than 3.5mg |
| What insulin can never be mixed with others? | GLARGINE |
| Signs of Parkinsons | Shuffled movement BRADYKENESIS |
| What causes hypertensive crisis with a lot of other medications? | MAOIs |
| What is a manifestation of long term NSAID use? | peptic ulcer disease |
| Can i administer cold insulin? | NO must be room temp |
| A client was given morphine and now their Resperations are 8. What do we do? | Administer nalaxone and call the physician |
| Why do we administer mitotic medications for glucagon? | Relaxes muscles and prevents blurred vision |
| Erythropoeitan growth facotrs | Vit. B12, folic acid, iron, and copper |
| Why do we use combination therapy for antiemetics? | Faster absorption and distribution |
| What drug combination do we use to treat H. pylori? and why? | omeprazol, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin Kills bacteria and stops over acid production |
| What insulin can we administer IV? | Regular |
| If we give levothyroxine and warfarin together, what medication adjustment needs to be made? | Reduce Warfarin dose, it increases blood levels |
| NSAID method of action? | Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by blocking enzymes |
| What medication do we give IV for seizures? | Phenytoin |
| What is levothyroxine used for? | Hypothyroidism |
| What medication do we administer for a high fasting glucose? | Prednisone |
| What medications cause chronic constipation? | Calcium channel blockers- Nifedipine |
| What is a sign of salicylic acid (aspirin) toxicity? | Tinnitus |
| How do we know that diphenoxylate and atropine are working? | My chest no longer feels tight |
| What do aminoglycosides and cephalosporin cause when taken togeth? | INCREASED BLEEDING |
| What does Chemo show? | Massive cell destruction and a decrease in WBC |
Created by:
brookelynjo
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