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PGS341 Ch.3 Question
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Some reflexes help infants get necessary nutrients, other reflexes protect infants from danger, and still other reflexes ____. | Serve as the bases for later motor behaviors |
| The ____ is based on five vital functions & provides a quick indication of the newborn's physical health | Apgar score |
| A baby lying calmly with its eyes open and focused is in a state of ___. | Alert inactivity |
| Newborns spend more time asleep than awake, and aobut half this time asleep is spent in ____, a time thought to foster growth in the central nervous system. | REM sleep |
| The campaign to reduce SIDS emphasizes that infants should _____. | Sleep on their backs |
| Research on the stability of temperament in infants and young children typically finds that ____. | Temperament is moderately stable in these years |
| Compared to older children and adults, an infant's head and trunk are ___. | Disproportionately large |
| Because of the high demands of growth, infants need ___ calories per pound than adults. | More |
| The most effective treatment for malnutrition is improved diet and ___. | Parent training |
| The ____ is the part of the neuron that contains the basic machinery to keep the cell alive. | Cell body |
| The frontal cortex is the seat of personality and regulates ____ | Goal-directed behavior |
| Human speech typically elicits the greatest electrical activity from the ___ of an infant's brain. | Left hemisphere |
| A good example of brain plasticity is that, although children with brain damage often have impaired cognitive processes, ____. | They often regain their earlier skills over time |
| According to ___, motor development involves many distinct skills that are organized and reorganized over time, depending on task demands. | Dynamic system theory |
| When 4-month-olds tumble from a sitting position, they usually try to keep their head upright. This happens even when they are blindfolded, which means that the important cues to balance come from ___. | The inner ear |
| Skills important in learning to walk include maintaining upright posture and balance, stepping, and ____. | Using perceptual information |
| Akira uses both hands simultaneously, but not in a coordinated manner; each hand seems to be “doing its own thing.” Akira is probably ____ months old. | 4 |
| Before the age of ___, children show no signs of handedness; they use their left and right hand interchangeably. | 1 year |
| Infants respond negatively to substances that taste sour or ___. | Bitter |
| Infants respond to ___ with a high-pitched cry that is hard to soothe. | Pain |
| If an infant seated in a completely darkened room hears the sound of her favorite rattle nearby, she will reach for it; this demonstrates ____. | The use of sound to judge distances |
| At age ___, infants' acuity is like that of an adult with normal vision. | 1 year |
| ____ are specialized neurons in the retina that are sensitive to color. | Cones |
| The term ___ refers to the fact that images of an object in the left and right eyes differ for nearby objects. | Retinal disparity |
| When elements consistently move together, infants decide that they are ____. | Part of the same object |
| Infants readily integrate information from different senses, and their sensory systems seem to be particularly attuned to ____. | Information presented redundantly to multiple senses |
| Apparently children are first self-aware at age 2 because this is when they first recognize themselves in a mirror and in photographs and when they first use ___. | Personal pronouns such as “I” and “me” |
| During the preschool years, children's self-concepts emphasize ____, physical characteristics, preferences, and competencies. | Possessions |
| Unlike 4-year-olds, most 3-year-olds don't understand that other people's behavior is sometimes based on ___. | False belief |
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