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Psychology Year 1
Terms and themes studied in year 1 of Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why do psychologists deal in uncertainty | Because psychology studies people whose behaviour can be irrational |
| What is the particular feature of empirical evidence | It is hard data that is numerically measurable |
| What is cultural relativism | Exceptions that any culture is unique and can't be judged in comparison to another |
| What is bias confirmation | Following and believing views and ideas of others that confirm our own views and avoiding those that might challenge a personal position |
| What is the problem with free-will | It's impossible to know whether our behaviours conditions were genuinely free |
| Briefly describe virtue signalling | Making public transport access statements with the intention to improve image |
| How many minds does Howard Gardner say constitutes intelligence | Originally Howard Gardner suggested five minds and later revised it to 7 |
| Who according to Bowlby did he think was the primary caregiver | John Bowlby originally described the mother is the primary caregiver as the theory was first proposed in the 1950s |
| What is John Bowlby's theory called concerning children bonding with a primary caregiver | He called ir Attachment theory |
| What is Anomie | Amuse the complete disconnection from the rules morals and behaviour expected in any given society |
| Briefly describe blooms taxonomy | A hierarchical index of successive levels of thinking skills used in education and as a measurement of improving intelligence |
| What is the difference between change and transition | Change our events in the world that affect the individual. Transition is the way in which humans adapt to change |
| Who thought people like to be in their comfort zone | William Bridges proposed the theory of moving from comfort through discomfort to new comfort zones although he didn't actually use this phrase himself. |
| What does the nativist think | The nativist believes that a person is born with an inherent set of skills experiences or abilities necessary full human survival initially and further human development |
| What does ‘tabula rasa’ mean | It means a blank slate and describes the state of newborns mind ready to be Classical conditioned (B.F. Skinner) by experience |
| Who was the Greek goddess of the mind | The Greek goddess of the mind is Psyche |
| What is determinism | Determinism is the idea that all future actions and events are predetermined and there is no free will |
| Whose social learning theory talks about reciprocal determinism | Social learning theory was first expressed by Albert Bandura |
| How many off Kubhler-Ross’ stages of grieving can you name (there are five) | There are five stages in Elizabeth Kubler- Ross' stages of grieving : Denial anger bargaining despair and acceptance |
| What does metacognition mean | Metacognition means above or beyond the mind and is often used to describe thinking about thinking and use of the imagination |
| What is the difference between assimilation and accommodation | Simulation describes changes to the way we have previously defined and experience and accommodation is the final result of a revised memory |
| Who first used the terms assimilation and accommodation in his theory | Simulation of accommodation is described by Jean Piaget in his cognitive development theory |
| What is the literal interpretation of the word prejudice | It means to prejudge want to come to a decision without access to full evidence. It seems he is also open to abuse particularly in Bias confirmation. |
| What methods of teaching is meant by Socratic Learning | Named after Socrates it is a means of teaching by the asking of questions as a means of progressing learning |
| In Merton’s stress theory what causes stress | The inability to tolerate increased levels of stress which at lesser levels can be seen as positive, challenging ,and making life interesting |
| What did Ebinghaus say we should do in order not to forget | Repeat recall of learning frequently. In other words revision is good for memory recall |
| What was Eriksen’s Christian name | It was Eric |
| Can you describe any of the virtues Eriksen’s theory of development says are available to people who succeed in passing the various psychological crises | They were hope, will, purpose, competency, fidelity, love, care, and wisdom |
| What in psychology is resilience | It is a state of mind called grit by the Americans which describes the character trait in our person reacts to failure or setback or any result that is less than perfect. |
| In learning theory what is meant by Gestalt learning | Gestalt is German for ' whole'. He describes a means of learning by which new pieces of knowledge acquired and then through inside and fitted into a larger previously understood picture of the world |
| What is tribalism and can you name a theorist who discussed it | Albert Bandura's social learning theory describes the characteristics and traits of a group that one identifies with or joins, or is part of by birth or culture |
| What is altruism | An act of benevolence that is done for which there is no discernible public acknowledgement or praise |
| Describe the difference between morbidity and mortality | Mobility relates to the incidence of any given illness in a sample of population. Mortality is a measurement of numbers of deaths for a given group or age or generally within a sample of the population |
| What is subjectivism | Subjectivism is the inability to separate personal experience and ideas from notions and ideas of humans and society as a whole |
| What three words have been used to summarise humanist psychology | Existence precedes essence |
| What is a phobia | Phobia irrational fear. There are no limits to the items that can be associated with a full slate. |
| Who first described classical and operant conditioning | First described by Skinner, classical condition of the automated behaviours required and learned over time as part of normal experiences (queuing patiently) . Operant conditioning particular programs of punishment and reward and the avoidance of punishment in order to change behaviour. (teaching by reward) |
| Who's dogs first demonstrated operant conditioning | The Russian psychologist Pavlov |
| What is the difference between neurosis and psychosis | Both of disorders of the mind that our disordered thoughts. It affects part of mind. Psychosis affects the whole mind |
| What nationality was Sigmund Freud | Freud was Austrian |
| What does the term pop-psychology refer to | Pop psychology is used as a pejorative term to describe bad science in the era of humanist psychology |
| Generally speaking what is a moral | The moral is the value that is generally shared by a population or culture as a whole |
| Generally speaking what is an ethic | And ethic is the acting out behaviour that follows on from the thinking that sits behind tomorrow |
| Why might punishment be ineffective according to behavioural psychology | In labelling theory people see punishment as a reinforcement of the role that they have taken from cells and therefore identify more deeply with that role |
| Who gave us a hierarchy of needs and an inverse order of choice making | Hierarchy of needs or more accurately hierarchy of motivation is Abraham Maslow |
| How long is short-term memory | It's difficult to be precise but it is somewhere in the order of 30 seconds |
| What is the difference between principle and pragmatism in decision-making | Principal described a set of rules that apply to any given circumstance regardless of the result that it leads to. Pragmatism is making a decision or choice based on an outcome that is seem favourable to the most number of people concerned with out any observation of pre-set approaches |
| How many stages are there in William Bridges transition theory | There are three stages from comfort to uncertainty into a new comfort area |
| Social deviancy means to deviate from what | Values norms beliefs and actions of any given cultural society |
| Why are statistics important in psychology | Because of the irrational nature of individuals the large of the dataset using any study tends to take out deviation and provide a more general set of conclusions |
| Recall the three conditions required to enforce treatment under the mental health act | Enforced treatment requires the certification by two doctors of there being a diagnosis of mental illness. The person concerned must lack insight into this. As a result of the illness they are a danger to themselves or others. |
| What does it mean when some psychologists say that language acquisition is innate | Noamh Chomsky is the lead proponent. He described a learning acquisition device (LAD( that all humans are born with. It is the ability for young to learn language rapidly, relative to other learning |
| What is the subconscious forces that Freud described | The Id. Humans are unaware of it in conscious thought but subject to it in their thoughts, emotions, feelings and behaviours, often causing anxiety. |
| How has the web and social media impacted social learning theory | The web has provided one-to-one levels of connection between people and us greatly increasing influence of celebrities and other groups in social learning theory |
| What does eccentricity mean | Eccentricity means of Centre and describes degrees of deviation away from what constitutes the normal or model level of activity and behaviour in any given society. |
| Before the advent of psychiatry and psychology how did people explain eccentricity | Eccentricity was either described as daemonic possession and then in later times as moral capacity as a result of sin. |
| What is the name of the court that oversees the affairs of people with impaired mental capacity | The court of protection |
| What did Tannebaum say was the outcome of being labelled | People identify with and take on the norms of behaviour of the labels attached to them |
| When does separation anxiety occur according to Helen Ainsworth | Ainsworth says separation anxiety occurs as an extension of attachment theory where there is separation between the baby and primary caregiver |
| Why do people who are successful in society rarely exhibit deviant behaviour | Because the investment they have made in society in order to achieve success becomes greater and the desire to lose it |
| What is social mobility | Social mobility is the vertical movement up or down through layers or structure of society normally achieved through education or commercial success |
| What is Paraskevidekatriaphobia an example of | Funeral Friday the 13th as an example of one of the countless number of phobias |
| Social mobility is aided by which particular social institution | Education |
| Carol Dweck believed what about the resilient mindset | She believes that mindsets can be grown and developed improving and individuals ability to cope with stress setback Phalia by altering the way they are received and responded to |
| What idea of Kolb’s did Argyris like so much he suggested having two of them | Reflective thinking. It is the ability to think about thinking and consider changes of behaviour including having ready-made plans to react to future events |
| Assessing and measuring the degree of progress and individual student makes in one week is what type of assessment iterative normative or criterion based | This is iterative based assessment because the assessment is justice improvement or otherwise set against the previous school |
| People with imposter syndrome suffer the fear of being what | The fear of being found out as a fraud or a cheat or someone who is achieved success without warranting the accolade |
| Who gave us the notion of moving out of the comfort zone | William Bridges |
| The study of the role of language development and its use in human development is called what | Psycholinguistics |
| Chomsky felt every child was able to learn vocabulary easily. Was understanding how to communicate with words a natural or learnt ability | Sort is a natural ability I propose that every human is born within language acquisition device that made learning all forms of language rapid |
| How many primary social institutions are there in any given nation state | There are five |
| Thinking about the primary social institutions which is on the rise which is falling and who is the new kid on the block | Government institution is on the rise. Religious institutions on the fall. The new kid on the block is the Internet with his connectivity of ideas and people |
| What form of study did the behaviourists think gave them superiority over the cognitivist psychology school | The ability to observe and draw data on observations which the source of cornerstone of the scientific process |
| What was Max Weber defining when he said any organisation that succeeds in holding the exclusive right to use threaten authorise physical force against residents of its territory | Organisation he was referring to is a nation state. |
| What is being described by the phrase “the way we do things here” | This is a simple explanation or a general definition of culture |
| What are the three types of language used by all humans | The three types of language words emotions and body language |
| What is meant by the word kin | Kim means family connections but not necessarily by blood relations. The work in his Anglo-Saxon and described communities of people that live together shared resources and responsibilities |
| How many postulates are there in defining Humanistic Psychology | There are five postulants |
Created by:
geoffrebbeck
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