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Elements Principles
Elements of Art and Principles of Design
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| LINE | A mark with greater length than width. Can be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal; straight or curved; thick or thin. |
| SHAPE | A closed line. Can be geometric, like squares and circles; or organic, like free-form or natural. Are flat and can express length and width. Two-dimensional. |
| FORM | Three-dimensional shapes expressing length, width, and depth. Balls, cylinders, boxes, and pyramids. |
| SPACE | the area between and around objects. Around objects is called negative. Can also refer to the feeling of depth. Can be three-dimensional; in visual art, when we create the feeling or illusion of depth. |
| COLOR | Light reflected off of objects. Has three main characteristics: hue, value and intensity. Basic Color Wheel consists of: Primary (red, yellow, blue), Secondary(purple, green, orange) and Tertiary colors (two-named colors). |
| TEXTURE | The surface quality that can be seen and felt. Can be rough or smooth, soft or hard. Do not always feel the way they look. |
| BALANCE | The distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. These elements should be balanced to make a design feel stable. Can be symmetrical, asymmetrical or radial. |
| EMPHASIS | The part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. One area stands out by contrasting it with other areas. The area could be different in size, color, texture, shape, etc. |
| MOVEMENT | The path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal areas. Can be directed along lines, edges, shape, and color within the work of art. |
| PATTERN | The repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art. |
| REPETITION | Works with pattern to make the work of art seem active. Creates unity within the work of art. |
| PROPORTION/SCALE | The feeling of unity created when all parts (SIZE, amounts, or number) relate well with each other; REALISTIC MEASUREMENTS |
| RHYTHM | When one or more elements of design are used repeatedly to create a feeling of organized movement. Creates a mood like music or dancing. Can be seen in patterns, in relationships between colors and shapes, and in repetitions of lines and forms. |
| VARIETY | The use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art. ADDS INTEREST. |
| UNITY/Harmony | The feeling of wholeness or completeness between all parts of the work of art working together. |
| CONTRAST | refers to the arrangement of opposite elements (light vs. dark colors, rough vs. smooth textures, large vs. small shapes, etc.) in a piece so as to create visual interest, excitement and drama. |
| VALUE | defines how light or dark a given color or hue can be. Values are best understood when visualized as a scale or gradient, from dark to light. Consists of tints, tones and shades. |
| EMPHASIS | refers to the use of visual elements to draw attention to a certain area, usually a focal point, in an artwork. |
Created by:
julieburns
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