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PCOL 1024A CH. 15
Integumentary System Definitions
| Term | Definition | Triggers | Looks like... | Treatments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Integumentary | Skin system | skin, nails, hair - regulates body temperature, protects from pathogens/harsh substances | ||
| Dermatology | study of the skin | |||
| Keratolytic | agent that breaks down/dissolved keratin | |||
| Antiseptic | prevent/inhibit growth or action of microorganisms on the skin | |||
| Astringent | "cleansing" - contracts the pores | |||
| Antibiotic | chemical to kill/inhibit the bacteria's life process | |||
| Anti-pyretic | anti-fever (not to be confused with anti-pruritic) | |||
| Antipruritic | stops itching | |||
| Emollient | soothe and soften | lotion or cream for dry skin | ||
| Demulcent | soothe and soften + protection | oil-based creams or lotions | ||
| Disinfectant | destroy/inactivate/significantly reduce pathogens on an object | Lysol spray | ||
| Bacteriocidal | kills bacteria | |||
| Bacteriostatic | inhibits bacteria growth | |||
| Debridement | removal of affected skin | burn debridement, debridement for flesh-eating bacteria | removal of burned skin | |
| Granulation | new skin growth after burns | "crystalized" or granular skin texture near edge of burn as new skin grows over | ||
| Skin | body's largest organ | epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue | ||
| Epidermis | top layer of skin | Produces hair, nails, glands. Forms new cells, sheds old/dead cells. Melanocytes sit here. | ||
| Dermis | middle layer of skin (below epidermis) | Made of connective tissue, nerves, capillaries. Houses sebaceous glands, sweat glands | ||
| Subcutaneous tissue | SQ - innermost layer | Connects dermis to underlying organs and tissues | ||
| SPF | Sun Protection Factor. Estimates how long a person can be in the sun without burning (time btw re-apply) | SPF 30 is most common, should protect against UVA + UVB, but measured in UVB | ||
| Actinic keratosis | Pre-cancer | overexposure to the sun | rough, scaly patch on skin | removal with liquid nitrogen (cryotherapy) |
| Basal cell carcinoma | Type of skin cancer - rarely metastisizes | raised area, slightly transparent or red-ish bump | removal | |
| Melanoma | Type of skin cancer - metastasizes, malignant | pale skin, history of burns, heredity | Asymmetric border, dark in colour, evolves in shape/size | removal, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted radiation, chemotherapy |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | Type of skin cancer - rarely metastisizes, grows quickly | rough, scaly, crusted, flat reddish or brownish patches | early treatment is vital! cryosurgery, excisional surgery, laser surgery, electrosurgery, etc. | |
| Intrinsic aging | Natural loss of collagen and elastin in the dermis as person ages | aging | thinning and sagging of skin, dryer skin (less oil production), shrinking of SQ tissue, loss of collagen and elastin in dermis | **process can be delayed, but not stopped.** anti-aging treatments, antioxidants, retinoids, diet restrictions |
| Extrinsic aging | Aging caused by external factors | sun exposure (UV radiation), air pollutants, smoking, skin irritation, heredity | Lesions, DNA mutation resulting in benign tumours, pre-cancerous conditions, skin cancer | Anti-aging treatments, antioxidants, retinoids, diet restrictions |
| Skin ABCDE | Asymmetry, Border, Colour, Diameter, Evolution | |||
| Suncreen | Partially block UV radiation | PABA allergies | ingredients: PABA | |
| Photosensitivity | increased sensitivity to light by skin and eyes | Certain classes of drugs *ACE, antibiotic, antidepressant, antihistamine, antipsychotic, cardiovascular, chemotherapeutics, diuretics, hypoglycemics, NSAIDs | watch for prompts on Kroll and warn pt t to avoid sun exposure | |
| Dermatitis | Inflamed and pruritic skin | variety of factors | areas of redness, dry flaky skin, raised or bumpy skin, pruritis | corticosteroids, immuno-modulators |
| Contact dermatitis | exposure to irritants, allergenics (soap, detergent, poison ivy/oak) | rash (soaps/detergents), redness + pruritus + rash + blisters (poison oak/ivy) | identify and avoid allergen/irritant, | |
| Seborrheic dermatitis "cradle cap" | Seen in infants | overproduction of sebum, possibly heredity | greasy, scaly area that appears red/brown/yellow, occurs on scalp, upper trunk, ears, eyebrows, around nose, thick scaly skin | good hygiene, clean and dry area, antihistamines, anti-inflammatories, moisturizing creams |
| Diaper rash | skin in frequent contact with urine/feces, seen in infants and geriatrics | skin contact with urine and/or feces | irritation and redness | zinc oxide, clean and dry area |
| Atopic dermatitis (Eczema) | Chronic immunologic condition | Stress, skin irritants, food allergies | dry, flaky, red, pruritic skin **be wary of cellulitis** | corticosteroids, immuno-modulators, antibiotics for infected area, unscented moisturizers |
| Psoriasis | Immunologic condition | Stress, environmental factors (can be in remission) | well-defined plaques - raised, silvery/white, flaky, pruritic. Appears anywhere on body. | corticosteroids, immuno-suppressants, immuno-modulators |
| Alopecia areata | Chronic inflammation affecting hair follicles, causing complete hair loss | hair loss medications | ||
| Androgenic alopecia | "male-pattern baldness" - hair follicles shrink, producing finer hair in both men and women | balding spot on crown of head, thinning and finer hair | ||
| Antihistamine | inhibit inflammation, redness, itching (pruritus) | release of histamine (in response to irritant/allergen) | ||
| Impetigo | superficial, highly contagious; common in early childhood | S. aureus, Streptococcus (bacterial infection) | crusted blisters mostly on face, mouth, nose | |
| Erysipelas | Form of cellulitis, which spread rapidly through the skin "St-Anthony's Fire" | bacterial infection | raised, well-defined, tender bright red rash, typically on face and legs | |
| Folliculitis | Inflammation of hair follicle (surrounding tissue not affected) | bacterial infection | small red bumps, or white-head pimples around hair follicles | OTC antibiotics, clean + dry area, soothing lotions |
| Furuncle | Begins in SB gland and associated with hair follicle - more extensive + deep than Folliculitis | bacterial infection | a boil that develops under the skin - more extensive than Folliculitis | |
| Carbuncle | Coalescent mass of infected follicles - deeper than Furuncle | bacterial infection | a huge boil that develops under the skin | |
| Candidiasis | "yeast infections" Caused by Candida albicans | lesions in vagina and mouth | treated in the same way as fungal infections | |
| Ringworm | caused by *fungus* - infects nails and skin | spreads outwards as the center heals, leaving a red ring | ||
| Ringworm | tinea corporis | |||
| Athlete's foot | tinea pedis | |||
| Jock Itch | tinea crudis | |||
| Fungal infection of nails | onychomycosis | |||
| Acne | Overproduction of sebum | hormonal changes | pimples, blackheads, deep cysts, whiteheads | cleanse twice daily, OTC, topical Rx, oral Rx |
| Wrinkle | A line or crease in the skin | sun exposure, smoking, heredity, paler skin | retinoids | |
| Rosacea (categorized as acne) | Chronic inflammation disorder in adults | stress, temperature, hot drinks, exercise, spicy foods, alcohol, sunlight, skin irritants | redness, visible surface blood vessels, raised bumps, increased sebum production | identify and avoid triggers, topical agents, antibiotics |
Created by:
cdowns1127
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