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IPC Unit 5

IPC Unit 5 Chemical Reaction

QuestionAnswer
Physical Change Substances may change in state of matter, color, or size but atomic structure remains the same
Physical Change Examples Water being absorbed in the large intestine, freezing water, calculating the density of water, dissolving sugar in water, ice cracking, sugar dissolving, lead melting
Chemical Change Substances have a rearrangement of atoms and form new substances
Chemical Change Examples Gas is produced, separating water into elements, enzymes breaking down into amino acids, saliva changes starches into sugar, insulin metabolizing simple sugars, milk souring, cooking
Coefficients Numbers written in front of a compound or molecule and are multiplied by every atom in the compound
Subscripts small numbers written to the right of an element (slightly lower); indicates the number of atoms of an element
Law of Conservation of Mass mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions, the mass changes forms; the number and kinds of atoms going in a reaction are equal to the number and kinds coming out on the products
Oxidation Numbers charges of ions due to the giving or taking away of electrons
Endothermic cold reactions; process absorbs heat making it surroundings cooler
Endothermic Reactions Activating a cold pack to reduce swelling, Photosynthesis, Cooking an Egg, Boiling water over a fire to brew coffee
Exothermic hot reactions; process releases heat making its surrounding warmer
Exothermic Examples breaking up a heat pack to warm your hands, cracking a glow stick to illuminate a tent, combusting wood to create a camp fire,
Carbon Dioxide Emissions from coal powered plants may be a possible cause of global warming
Acid Rain water with a lower pH due to pollutants in the atmosphere from vehicles and power plants; occurs near large cities *disrupts the life cycle of aquatic organisms *dissolves poisonous metals found in the soil *causes unnatural wear on statues and building
Ozone Depletion damages the protective layer of the atmosphere and increases the amount of ultraviolet radiation; can cause cataracts, skin cancer, breakdown of plastics, and reduced plant productivity
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) nontoxic, nonflammable chemicals containing atoms of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine; found in aerosol sprays, blowing agents for foams and packing materials, as solvents, and as refrigerants; contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer
Valence Electrons the part of the atom responsible for the bonding of atoms to fill the outer shell ;
Octet Rule Atoms give, take, or share electrons to have eight in their outer shell
Group Numbers Located above the vertical columns of the periodic table and identify the number of valence electrons
Evidence of Chemical Reactions change in temperature or the formation of a new substance; may include a color change
Chemical Reaction occurs when atoms in the reactants recombine to form new products
Chemical Reaction Demonstrates the Law of Conservation of Mass because the number and kind of atoms on the reactant side are equal to the number and kind of atoms on the product side
Reactants the substances that react with one another to form new substances; located on the left side of a chemical equation
Products the substances that are produced from a chemical reaction; located on the right side of a chemical equation
Improper Disposal of Batteries Can cause increased levels of toxins in the water supply, decreased populations of fish, increased toxins in the human food supply
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