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Final Exam

Question/DefinitionAnswer/Term
What are the three measures of retention? recall, recognition, relearning
Recall retrieving information that isn't in your conscious awareness but was learned at an earlier time.
Recognition identifying items previously learned.
Relearning learning something more quickly when you learn it a second or third time.
Explicit memories (or declarative memories) the facts and experiences we can consciously know and declare
When does conscious effortful processing happen? when processing explicit memories.
Implicit memories (or nondeclarative memories). information we don't consciously learn.
When does unconscious autonomic processing happen? When processing implicit memories.
Encoding getting information into the brain.
Storage retaining information.
Retrieval getting information back out of the brain.
What model is defined by encoding information into our brain, storing that information, and retrieving that information later? the information-processing model.
Parallel processing the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously.
Short-term memory activated memory that holds a few items briefly.
Long-term memory the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system.
Sensory memory the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system.
What emotion (or sensation) provokes the amygdala? stress.
Flashbulb memory a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.
What is our affiliation need? our need to belong.
Ostracism social exclusion.
Narcissism excessive self-love and self-absorption.
Facial feedback effect the tendency of facial muscles states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness.
Behavior feedback effect the tendency of behaviors to influence our own and others' thoughts, feelings, and actions.
Coping alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods.
Problem-focused coping trying to reduce stress by changing the stressor or the way we interact with the stressor.
Learned helplessness the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or person learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events.
External locus of control the belief that chance or outside forces control one's fate.
Internal locus of control the belief that we control our own destiny.
Aerobic exercise sustained, oxygen-consuming exercise that increases heart and lung fitness.
How many years does moderate exercise add to your life span? 2 - 4
Stressed and depressed people exercise ____ less
Mindfulness meditation a reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner.
Attribution theory the theory that we can explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition.
Fundamental attribution error the tendency for observers, when analyzing others' behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact or personal disposition (tractor on fire situation).
Social facilitation improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.
Social loafing the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their effort towards attaining a common goal.
Deindividuation the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.
Prejudice is a mixture of what? beliefs, emotions, and predispositions to action.
Just-world phenomenon the tendency to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
In-group "us"
Out-group "them"
Ingroup bias the tendency to favor our own group.
Scapegoat theory the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.
Mere exposure effect the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases likiing of them.
Psychological Disorder A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.
GAD An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.
Panic Disorder An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread.
Phobia An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.
OCD A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both.
PTSD A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for 4 weeks or more.
What must be present for someone to be diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder? Either depressed mood or lost of interest or pleasure, AWA 5 other symptoms.
Bipolar Disorder A disorder in which a person alternates between depressive moods to overexcited states of mania.
What is the child form of Bipolar disorder called? Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder.
What chemical causes Depression and Bipolar symptoms? Norepinephrine.
What chemical is only causes Depression symptoms? Serotonin.
Rumination Compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes. (Main cause of depression in women).
Schizophrenia A psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression.
Psychotic disorders A group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, disordered perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality.
What are some of the positive symptoms of Schizophrenia? Hallucinations, disorganized or deluded speech, and inappropriate laughter, tears, or rage.
What are some of the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia? Toneless voices, expressionless faces, and mute or rigid bodies.
Delusion A false belief, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.
Antisocial Personality Disorder A personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience.
At what age does APD begin to show? before 15 years old
What are 3 symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa? Starvation diet, significantly underweight, and excessive exercise.
What are 3 symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa? Weight fluctuations, binge eating, and purging.
What are 3 symptoms of Binge-Eating Disorder? Overweight, bouts of overeating, do not purge or fast.
Antipsychotic Drugs Drugs used to treat Schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder
Antianxiety Drugs Drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD.
Created by: mackenzien
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