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Final Exam
| Question/Definition | Answer/Term |
|---|---|
| What are the three measures of retention? | recall, recognition, relearning |
| Recall | retrieving information that isn't in your conscious awareness but was learned at an earlier time. |
| Recognition | identifying items previously learned. |
| Relearning | learning something more quickly when you learn it a second or third time. |
| Explicit memories (or declarative memories) | the facts and experiences we can consciously know and declare |
| When does conscious effortful processing happen? | when processing explicit memories. |
| Implicit memories (or nondeclarative memories). | information we don't consciously learn. |
| When does unconscious autonomic processing happen? | When processing implicit memories. |
| Encoding | getting information into the brain. |
| Storage | retaining information. |
| Retrieval | getting information back out of the brain. |
| What model is defined by encoding information into our brain, storing that information, and retrieving that information later? | the information-processing model. |
| Parallel processing | the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously. |
| Short-term memory | activated memory that holds a few items briefly. |
| Long-term memory | the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. |
| Sensory memory | the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system. |
| What emotion (or sensation) provokes the amygdala? | stress. |
| Flashbulb memory | a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. |
| What is our affiliation need? | our need to belong. |
| Ostracism | social exclusion. |
| Narcissism | excessive self-love and self-absorption. |
| Facial feedback effect | the tendency of facial muscles states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness. |
| Behavior feedback effect | the tendency of behaviors to influence our own and others' thoughts, feelings, and actions. |
| Coping | alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods. |
| Problem-focused coping | trying to reduce stress by changing the stressor or the way we interact with the stressor. |
| Learned helplessness | the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or person learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events. |
| External locus of control | the belief that chance or outside forces control one's fate. |
| Internal locus of control | the belief that we control our own destiny. |
| Aerobic exercise | sustained, oxygen-consuming exercise that increases heart and lung fitness. |
| How many years does moderate exercise add to your life span? | 2 - 4 |
| Stressed and depressed people exercise ____ | less |
| Mindfulness meditation | a reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner. |
| Attribution theory | the theory that we can explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition. |
| Fundamental attribution error | the tendency for observers, when analyzing others' behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact or personal disposition (tractor on fire situation). |
| Social facilitation | improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others. |
| Social loafing | the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their effort towards attaining a common goal. |
| Deindividuation | the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. |
| Prejudice is a mixture of what? | beliefs, emotions, and predispositions to action. |
| Just-world phenomenon | the tendency to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. |
| In-group | "us" |
| Out-group | "them" |
| Ingroup bias | the tendency to favor our own group. |
| Scapegoat theory | the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. |
| Mere exposure effect | the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases likiing of them. |
| Psychological Disorder | A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. |
| GAD | An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. |
| Panic Disorder | An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread. |
| Phobia | An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation. |
| OCD | A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both. |
| PTSD | A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for 4 weeks or more. |
| What must be present for someone to be diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder? | Either depressed mood or lost of interest or pleasure, AWA 5 other symptoms. |
| Bipolar Disorder | A disorder in which a person alternates between depressive moods to overexcited states of mania. |
| What is the child form of Bipolar disorder called? | Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder. |
| What chemical causes Depression and Bipolar symptoms? | Norepinephrine. |
| What chemical is only causes Depression symptoms? | Serotonin. |
| Rumination | Compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes. (Main cause of depression in women). |
| Schizophrenia | A psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression. |
| Psychotic disorders | A group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, disordered perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality. |
| What are some of the positive symptoms of Schizophrenia? | Hallucinations, disorganized or deluded speech, and inappropriate laughter, tears, or rage. |
| What are some of the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia? | Toneless voices, expressionless faces, and mute or rigid bodies. |
| Delusion | A false belief, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders. |
| Antisocial Personality Disorder | A personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience. |
| At what age does APD begin to show? | before 15 years old |
| What are 3 symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa? | Starvation diet, significantly underweight, and excessive exercise. |
| What are 3 symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa? | Weight fluctuations, binge eating, and purging. |
| What are 3 symptoms of Binge-Eating Disorder? | Overweight, bouts of overeating, do not purge or fast. |
| Antipsychotic Drugs | Drugs used to treat Schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder |
| Antianxiety Drugs | Drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD. |
Created by:
mackenzien
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