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Pharm Lecture 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alpha2 agonists examples | clonidine, alpha-methyldopa (alpha-methyl NA) |
| Alpha2 agonists mechanism | inhibit sypathetic outflow from presynaptic cell in medulla |
| Alpha2 agonists effects | reduces sympathetic effect on cardiac output and peripheral vasculature --> reduces BP, negates ANS vasoconstriction in upright patients --> postural hypotension, may promote CHF in susceptible patients |
| Clonidine adverse effects | lightheadedness, dry mouth, dizziness, constipation, postural hypotension |
| Alpha-methyldopa uses | indicated in pre-eclampsia |
| Alpha1 antagonist example | prazosin |
| Alpha1 antaognist mechanism | blocks vascular alpha1 adrenergic receptors |
| Prazosin effects | reduces arteriolar resistance, acutely may cause reflex tachycardia and plasma renin activity, improves LDL/HDL profile, |
| Alpha1 antagonist uses | used to treat moderate to severe hypertention in combination with other hypertensives |
| Alpha1 antagonist adverse effects | postural hypotension, drowsiness, depression, nasal stuffiness, increased GI motility, inhibited ejaculation, urinary incontinence |
| Beta-blockers examples and receptors they inhibit | propranolol (beta1 and beta2), metoprolol and atenolol (beta2), carvedilol (beta1, beta2 and alpha1) |
| Beta-blockers effects | acutely decreases cardiac output and increases peripheral resistance, chronically decreases peripheral resistance |
| Beta-blockers mechanism | blocks beta1 receptors in heart, blocks beta1 receptors in kidney --> inhibits renin production |
| Beta-blockers adverse effects | bronchospasm, HF, nightmares, acutely vasoconstriction, may increase VLDL/LDL and decrease HDL, non-selective may blunt catecholamine induced glycogenolysis in response to hypoglycaemia --> delay recovery in Type I Diabetes, withdrawal syndrome (rebound) |
| Beta-blockers pharmacokinetics | hydrophilicity (atenolol) --> lower penetrability into CNS --> less ADRs on CNS, lipophilicity (propranolol and metoprolol) --> higher penetrability into CNS --> nightmares |
| Beta-blockers uses | hypertension (now in doubt), cardiac rate control (antiarryhthmic action), heart failure (carvedilol), angina (reduced oxygen consumption), glaucoma (timolol in eyedrops reduces intraocular pressure), anxiety (propranolol) |
Created by:
skyglow1
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