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Psych chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nervous system | An extensive system of specialized cells that carry information to and from all parts of the body |
| peripheral nervous system (PNS) | Made up of thick bundles of axons (nerves) and carried messages back and forth between the CNS and communicate with the rest of the body |
| central nervous system (CNS) | the portion of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord |
| Neurons | Specialized cells that make up the nervous system that send and receive messages within the nervous system |
| 3 main components of neurons | 1. Soma 2. Dendrites 3. Axons |
| Soma | The cell body. Responsible for maintaining the life of the cell |
| Dendrites | Branches of a neuron that RECEIVE messages from other cells and send messages towards the cell body |
| Axons | (Transmitters) Tube like fibers of a neuron that send messages AWAY from the cell body, toward other neurons |
| synaptic knobs | (Terminal buttons) Rounded areas at the end of the axon terminal |
| synaptic vessels | Inside the synaptic knobs, contain neurotransmitters |
| Neurotransmitters | The chemical messengers of the nervous system Ex of neurotransmitters: dopamine, serotonin |
| Nerves | Bundles of coated axons that travel together throughout the body |
| glial cells | •Makes up 90% of cells in the brain •serve as structure on which the neurons develop and work •help deliver nutrients to neurons •clean up waste of dead neurons • ha e a role in new neuron generation •they produce myelin that coat the axon **** |
| Myelin | Fatty substance that costs axons Prevents a circuit from being erupted from electrical impulse, makes sure the message goes to where it's intended to go |
| Synapse (synaptic gap) what occurs here ? | The site where a nerve impulse (message) is transmitter from one neuron to another |
| Synaptic gap definition | The microscopic fluid filled space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite on another |
| cerebral cortex | controls complex thought processes outer most covering of the brain made up of tightly packed neurons |
| The cortex is divided into 2 sections called the | cerebral hemispheres |
| cerebral hemisphere | the two sections of the cortex on the left and right sides of the brain |
| corpus callosum | thick band of neurons that connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres |
| occipital lobes | sections of the cortex located at the rear and bottom of each cerebral hemisphere contain the centers for touch, taste, temperature sensations and body position contains the somatosensory cortex |
| somatosensory cortex | the area of neurons running down the front of the parietal lobes responsible for processing information from the skin and internal body receptors (touch, temp, etc.) |
| temporal lobes | located just behind the temples in each hemisphere responsible for the sense of hearing and understanding meaningful speech contains the hearing/auditory areas of specialty |
| frontal lobes | sections of the cortex located at the front and top of each hemisphere responsible for higher mental processes (ex. personality) also responsible for the production of meaningful speech the motor cortex is located here |
| motor cortex | area of neurons running down the back of the frontal lobes responsible for sending motor commands to voluntary muscles |
| Broca's area | a special area in the left frontal lobe of most people devoted to producing speech allows people to speak smoothly and fluently |
| damage to Broca's area is called _________ and causes _____ | Brocas Aphasia causes a person to be unable to speak fluently, mispronounce words ex. saying "non" instead of "nine" |
| Wernicke's area | specialty area in the left temporal lobe of most people devoted to understanding the meaning of words |
| Damage to Wernicke's area is called ________ and causes_______ | Wernickes aphasia causes people to choose the wrong words for the meaning that they are trying to convey ex. "Get the milk out of the air conditioner" |
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kyliearnold
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