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Chapter 1 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Borderland | A linear zone that parallels a political boundary |
| Transition Zone | An area of spatial change where the peripheries of two adjacent realms or regions join. Marked by a gradual shift rather than a sharp break in the characteristics that distinguish the neighboring geographic entities from one another. |
| Physiographic Region | A region within which there prevails substantial natural landscape homogeneity, expressed by a certain degree of uniformity in surface relief, climate, vegetation, and soils. |
| Continentality | The variation of the continental affect on air temperatures in the interior areas of the world landmasses. The greater the distance from moderating influence of an ocean, the greater the extreme in summer and winter temperatures. |
| Rain Shadow Effect | The relative dryness in areas downwind of mountain ranges resulting orographic precipitation, wherein most air masses are forced to deposit most of their water content as they cross the highland. |
| Federation | A country adhering to a political framework wherein a central government represents the various subnational entities with in a nation state, there they have common aspects and goals, yet allows these various entities to retain their aspects and identity. |
| Auquifer | An underground reservoir of water contained within a porous, water-bearing rock layer. |
| Fossil Fuel | The energy resources of coal, natural gas, petroleum, so named collectively because they were formed by the geological compression and transformation of tiny plant and animal organisms. |
| Urban Systems | A hierarchical network or grouping of urban areas within a finite geographic area, such as a country. |
| American Manufacturing Belt | North America's near regular core area, whose corners are Boston, Milwaukee, St. Louis, and Baltimore. |
| Distribution Center | A centralized focus of economic activity specializing in the distribution of goods, situated as a major hub on its regional transportation network. At lanta,Georgia, with its outstanding transportation connections to the surrounding South United States. |
| Intermodal Collections | Facilities and activities related to the transfer of goods in transit from one transportation mode to another. |
| Outer City | The con-central-city portion of the American metropolis, no longer" sob" to the "urb," this outer ring was transformed into a full fledge city during the late twentieth century. |
| Deindustralization | Companies relocate manufacturing jobs to other regions or countries with cheap labor, leaving the newly deindustrialized region to convert to a service economy while struggling with the effects of increased unemployment and meeting retraining needs . |
| Central Business District | The downtown heart of a central city, where most of the business of a city take place, and the clustering of the tallest buildings. |
| Information Economy | The new, increasingly dominant, postindustrial economy that is maturing in the most highly advanced countries of North America, Europe, and the Pacific Rim. |
| GPS | The orbiting satellite based navigation system that provides locational and time information, anywhere on or near the Earth's surface where is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS Satalites. |
| Gentrification | The upgrading of an older residential area through private, reinvestment, usually in the downtown area of a central city. |
| Neighborhood Effect | The impact of one's neighborhood on an individual's outlook, aspirations, socialization, and life chances. |
| Residential Geography | The spatial distribution of a residential population. The term is mostly often used by urban geographers to describe the clustering of various social groups into the neighborhoods tha t form the residential fabric of cities and suburbs. |
| Sunbelt | The popular name given to the southern tier of the United States, which is anchored by the mega States of California, Texas, and Florida. |
| Migration | A change in residence intended to be permanent. |
| Electoral Geography | The spatial distribution of political preferences as expressed in voting behavior for political parties and / or candidates. |
| Melting Pot | Traditional characterization of American society as a blend of numerous immigrant ethnic groups that over time were assimilated into a single societal mainstream. |
| First Nations | Name given Canada's indigenous peoples of American descent, whose U.S. counterparts are called Native Americans. |
| World City | A large city with particular significant international(economic) linkages that also has a high ranking in the global urban system. |
| Technolpole | A planned techno industrial complex that innovates, promotes, and manufactures the products of the postindustrial information economy. |
| Pacific Rim | A far flung group of countries and components of countries sharing the following criteria: they face the Pacific Ocean; they exhibit relatively high levels of economic development, industrialization, and urbanization, their trading mainly on the Pacific. |
| Tar Sand | The main source of oil from non liquid petroleum reserves. The oil is mixed with sand and requires massive open pit mining as well as a costly, complicated process to extract it. |
| Boreal Forest | The subarctic, most coniferous snow forest that blankets Canada south of the Tundra that lines the Artic shore; known as the taiga in Russia. |
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