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IPC Unit 2

IPC Unit 2 Periodic Table Learning Statements

TermDefinition
Periodic Table chart where elements are organized by increasing atomic number or the number of protons
Periodic Table - Group elements in the same vertical column and share similar chemical properties due to the same number of valence electrons
Periodic Table - Period elements in the same horizontal row and have the same number of electrons shells
Nobel Gases located in Group 18 ; undergo the fewest chemical reactions;most resistant to forming compounds because the elements have 8 valence electrons
Alkali Metals located in Group 1 ; most likely to donate one electron due to one valence electron
Halogens located in Group 17 ; most likely to accept one electron due to seven valence electrons
Elements with 5,6, or 7 Valence Electrons tend to gain electrons when bonding ; forms anions
Elements with 1,2, or 3 Valence Electrons tend to lose electrons when bonding ; forms cations
Ion charged atom that has lost or gained electrons
Cation positively charged atom ; formed when electron is given away
Anion negatively charged atom ; formed when electrons are taken
Group Number tells the number of valence electrons
Period Number tells the number of electron shells
Valence Electrons found in the outer shell of an element ; determine bonding characteristics
Atomic Number the number of protons in an element; determine the element's identity; what the periodic table is arranged by
Atomic Mass the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Atom smallest particle of a substance containing protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons in the shells orbiting the nucleus
Octet Rule elements like to have 8 electrons in their outer shell for stability
Covalent Bonds formed between atoms of non-metals ; share electrons
Ionic Bonds formed between atoms of metals and non-metals ; donate or takes electrons to form cations and anions
Metals Elements found on the left side of the periodic table; Metals are solid (with the exception of mercury, Hg, a liquid), shiny, good conductors of electricity and heat, ductile (they can be drawn into thin wires), malleable (they can be easily hammered into very thin sheets), tend to lose electrons easily.
Nonmetals Elements found on the right side of the periodic table; are brittle, not malleable or ductile, poor conductors of both heat and electricity, and tend to gain electrons in chemical reactions. Some nonmetals are liquids.
Metalloids Elements along the stair steps between the metals and nonmetals; properties that are somewhat of a cross between metals and nonmetals. These tend to be economically important because of their unique conductivity properties (they only partially conduct electricity), which make them valuable in the semiconductor and computer chip industry.
CNN Covalent Bonds are between two nonmetals Covalent =Nonmetal+Nonmetal
IMN Ionic Bonds are between a metal and a nonmetal Ionic=Metal+Nonmetal
Transition Metals groups 3-12 on the periodic table
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